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Overproduction and High Level Apoptosis Are Associated with High but Not Low Virulence Toxoplasma gondii Infection1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Toxoplasma gondii is an opportunistic intracellular
parasite which induces a highly strong type 1 cytokine response. The
present study focuses on defining the factors influencing the outcome
of infection with tachyzoites of the type I, highly lethal RH strain,
relative to the type II, low virulence strain ME49. Infection with the
RH strain led to widespread parasite dissemination and rapid death of
mice; in contrast, mice survived low virulence strain ME49 infection,
and tachyzoite dissemination was much less extensive. Furthermore,
massive apoptosis and disintegration of the splenic architecture was
characteristic of RH, but not ME49, infection. In addition,
hyperinduction of IFN-
and lack of NO production were found during
RH, in contrast to ME49 infection. These data demonstrate that
Toxoplasma strain characteristics exert a profound
effect on the host immune response and that the latter itself is a
crucial determinant in parasite virulence.
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