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OX-40 with
CTLA-41

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Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213; and
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
Increasing the long-term survival of memory T cells after
immunization is key to a successful vaccine. In the past, the
generation of large numbers of memory T cells in vivo has been
difficult because Ag-stimulated T cells are susceptible to
activation-induced cell death. Previously, we reported that OX40
engagement resulted in a 60-fold increase in the number of Ag-specific
CD4+ memory T cells that persisted 60 days
postimmunization. In this report, we used the D011.10 adoptive transfer
model to examine the kinetics of Ag-specific T cell entry into the
peripheral blood, the optimal route of administration of Ag and
OX40, and the Ag-specific Ab response after immunization with
soluble OVA and
OX40. Finally, we compared the adjuvant properties
of
OX40 to those of
CTLA-4. Engagement of OX-40 in vivo was most
effective when the Ag was administered s.c. Time course studies
revealed that it was crucial for
OX40 to be delivered within 2448
h after Ag exposure. Examination of anti-OVA Ab titers revealed a
10-fold increase in mice that received
OX40 compared with mice that
received OVA alone. Both
OX40 and
CTLA-4 increased the percentage
of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells early after immunization (day
4), but
OX40-treated mice had much higher percentages of
OVA-specific memory CD4+ T cells from days 11 to 29. These
studies demonstrate that OX40 engagement early after immunization with
soluble Ag enhances long-term T cell and humoral immunity in a manner
distinct from that provided by blocking CTLA-4.
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