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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 6804-6811.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Engagement of OX40 Enhances Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Mobilization/Memory Development and Humoral Immunity: Comparison of {alpha}OX-40 with {alpha}CTLA-41

Dean E. Evans*, Rodney A. Prell*, Colin J. Thalhofer*, Arthur A. Hurwitz{dagger} and Andrew D. Weinberg2,*

* Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR 97213; and {dagger} Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210

Increasing the long-term survival of memory T cells after immunization is key to a successful vaccine. In the past, the generation of large numbers of memory T cells in vivo has been difficult because Ag-stimulated T cells are susceptible to activation-induced cell death. Previously, we reported that OX40 engagement resulted in a 60-fold increase in the number of Ag-specific CD4+ memory T cells that persisted 60 days postimmunization. In this report, we used the D011.10 adoptive transfer model to examine the kinetics of Ag-specific T cell entry into the peripheral blood, the optimal route of administration of Ag and {alpha}OX40, and the Ag-specific Ab response after immunization with soluble OVA and {alpha}OX40. Finally, we compared the adjuvant properties of {alpha}OX40 to those of {alpha}CTLA-4. Engagement of OX-40 in vivo was most effective when the Ag was administered s.c. Time course studies revealed that it was crucial for {alpha}OX40 to be delivered within 24–48 h after Ag exposure. Examination of anti-OVA Ab titers revealed a 10-fold increase in mice that received {alpha}OX40 compared with mice that received OVA alone. Both {alpha}OX40 and {alpha}CTLA-4 increased the percentage of OVA-specific CD4+ T cells early after immunization (day 4), but {alpha}OX40-treated mice had much higher percentages of OVA-specific memory CD4+ T cells from days 11 to 29. These studies demonstrate that OX40 engagement early after immunization with soluble Ag enhances long-term T cell and humoral immunity in a manner distinct from that provided by blocking CTLA-4.




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