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Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Jouy-en-Josas, France
Many viruses induce a strong T cell response that contributes to
the elimination of infected cells presenting viral peptides by MHC
molecules. The structure and expression of genes encoding molecules
homologous to mammalian 
TCRs have been recently characterized in
rainbow trout and in several teleost species, but the T cell
response against pathogens has not been directly demonstrated.
To study the modifications of the T cell repertoire during an acute
viral infection in rainbow trout, we adapted the immunoscope
methodology, which consists of spectratyping the
complementarity-determining region 3 length of the TCR chain.
We showed that the naive T cell repertoire is polyclonal and highly
diverse in the naive rainbow trout. Using viral hemorrhagic septicemia
virus (VHSV), which provokes an acute infection in rainbow trout, we
identified skewed complementarity-determining region 3 size profiles
for several VJ combinations, corresponding to T cell clonal
expansions during primary and secondary response to VHSV. Both public
and private T cell expansions were shown by immunoscope analysis of
spleen cells from several infected individuals of a rainbow trout clone
sharing the same genetic background. The public response to VHSV
consisted of expansion of V4J1 T cell, which appeared early
during the primary response and was strongly boosted during the
secondary response.
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