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Cutting Edge |





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Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903;
Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544; and
Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
Unlike primary T cells in lymph nodes, effector CD8+ CTL in tissues do not express the costimulatory receptor CD28. We report that NKG2D, the receptor for stress-induced MICA and MICB molecules expressed in the intestine, serves as a potent costimulatory receptor for CTL freshly isolated from the human intestinal epithelium. Expression and function of NKG2D are selectively up-regulated by the cytokine IL-15, which is released by the inflamed intestinal epithelium. These findings identify a novel CTL costimulatory pathway regulated by IL-15 and suggest that tissues can fine-tune the activation of effector T cells based on the presence or absence of stress and inflammation. Uncontrolled secretion of IL-15 could lead to excessive induction of NKG2D and thus contribute to the development of autoimmune disease by facilitating the activation of autoreactive T cells.
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