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*
Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
Department of Otolaryngology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
We have recently demonstrated that induction of Th2 responses by
Schistosoma mansoni egg Ag is largely due to
carbohydrates on the Ag functioning as adjuvants.
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII), a polylactosamine
sugar, is the predominant carbohydrate found in S.
mansoni egg Ag. Therefore, using neoglycoprotein, we
investigated whether LNFPIII induces in vivo Th2 response and functions
as an adjuvant. Following intranasal immunization with LNFPIII linked
to human serum albumin (HSA) (HSA-LNFPIII), BALB/c mice mounted a
strong Th2 response and produced significantly higher levels of total
IgE as well as HSA-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgE. HSA-LNFPIII was over
1000-fold more potent in inducing Ab production as compared with HSA
alone. Although LNFPIII itself did not function as an epitope for
either IgG or IgE, its conjugation with protein was essential for the
adjuvant activity. Moreover, fucose residue on LNFPIII was crucial for
induction of Ab production. Nasal lymphocytes from mice immunized with
HSA-LNFPIII produced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, but not IFN-
following
in vitro stimulation with HSA or HSA-LNFPIII. In addition, these
activated nasal lymphocytes also showed a significant increase of B7-2
expression on B220-positive cells. Furthermore, not only intranasal but
also both i.p. and s.c. immunization with HSA-LNFPIII induced
significant production of HSA-specific Abs compared with the
immunization with HSA alone, suggesting that the activity of LNFPIII
was not restricted on particular route of immunization. These results
demonstrate that Lewis type carbohydrate LNFPIII can function as an
adjuvant by their ability to induce a Th2
response.
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