| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
B and STAT5 Play Important Roles in the Regulation of Mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene Expression1
*
Laboratory of Host Defense and Germfree Life, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; and
Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is involved in the innate immunity by
recognizing various bacterial components. We have previously reported
that TLR2 gene expression is rapidly induced by LPS or
inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, and by TCR engagement or
IL-2/IL-15 stimulation in T cells. Here, to investigate the mechanisms
governing TLR2 transcription, we cloned the 5' upstream region of the
mouse TLR2 (mTLR2) gene and mapped its
transcriptional start site. The 5' upstream region of the
mTLR2 gene contains two NF-
B, two CCAAT/enhancer binding
protein, one cAMP response element-binding protein, and one STAT
consensus sequences. In mouse macrophage cell lines, deletion of both
NF-B sites caused the complete loss of mTLR2 promoter responsiveness
to TNF-
. NF-B sites were also important but not absolutely
necessary for LPS-mediated mTLR2 promoter activation. In T cell lines,
mTLR2 responsiveness to IL-15 was abrogated by the 3' NF-B mutation,
whereas 5' NF-B showed no functional significance. The STAT binding
site also seemed to contribute, as the deletion of this sequence
significantly reduced the IL-15-mediated mTLR2 promoter activation.
EMSAs confirmed nuclear protein binding to both NF-B sites in
macrophages following LPS and TNF- stimulation and to the 3' NF-B
site in T cells after IL-15 treatment. Thus, NF-B activation is
important but differently involved in the regulation of
mTLR2 gene expression in macrophages and T cells following
LPS or cytokine stimulation.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  N. K. Phulwani, N. Esen, M. Md. Syed, and T. Kielian TLR2 Expression in Astrocytes Is Induced by TNF-{alpha}- and NF-{kappa}B-Dependent Pathways J. Immunol., September 15, 2008; 181(6): 3841 - 3849. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Wu, R. J. Martin, S. LaFasto, B. J. Efaw, J. G. Rino, R. J. Harbeck, and H. W. Chu Toll-like Receptor 2 Down-regulation in Established Mouse Allergic Lungs Contributes to Decreased Mycoplasma Clearance Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 1, 2008; 177(7): 720 - 729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Uno, K. Kato, T. Atsumi, T. Suzuki, J. Yoshitake, H. Morita, S. Ohara, Y. Kotake, T. Shimosegawa, and T. Yoshimura Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 induced through TLR4 signaling initiated by Helicobacter pylori cooperatively amplifies iNOS induction in gastric epithelial cells Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): G1004 - G1012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Johnson and R. I. Tapping Microbial Products Stimulate Human Toll-like Receptor 2 Expression through Histone Modification Surrounding a Proximal NF-{kappa}B-binding Site J. Biol. Chem., October 26, 2007; 282(43): 31197 - 31205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Izadi, A. T. Motameni, T. C. Bates, E. R. Olivera, V. Villar-Suarez, I. Joshi, R. Garg, B. A. Osborne, R. J. Davis, M. Rincon, et al. c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1 Is Required for Toll-Like Receptor 1 Gene Expression in Macrophages Infect. Immun., October 1, 2007; 75(10): 5027 - 5034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Rogers, A. Hakki, I. Perkins, C. Newton, R. Widen, N. Burdash, T. Klein, and H. Friedman Legionella pneumophila Infection Up-Regulates Dendritic Cell Toll-Like Receptor 2 (TLR2)/TLR4 Expression and Key Maturation Markers Infect. Immun., June 1, 2007; 75(6): 3205 - 3208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Foster, S. R. Lea, P. M. Preshaw, and J. J. Taylor Pivotal Advance: Vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibits up-regulation of human monocyte TLR2 and TLR4 by LPS and differentiation of monocytes to macrophages J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2007; 81(4): 893 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Graveline, M. Segura, D. Radzioch, and M. Gottschalk TLR2-dependent recognition of Streptococcus suis is modulated by the presence of capsular polysaccharide which modifies macrophage responsiveness Int. Immunol., April 1, 2007; 19(4): 375 - 389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. M. Nhu, N. Cuesta, and S. N. Vogel Transcriptional regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression in murine macrophages: role of interferon regulatory factors 1 (IRF-1) and 2 (IRF-2) Innate Immunity, October 1, 2006; 12(5): 285 - 295. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Fan, Y. Li, Y. Vodovotz, T. R. Billiar, and M. A. Wilson Hemorrhagic shock-activated neutrophils augment TLR4 signaling-induced TLR2 upregulation in alveolar macrophages: role in hemorrhage-primed lung inflammation Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): L738 - L746. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. P. Gomariz, A. Arranz, C. Abad, M. Torroba, C. Martinez, F. Rosignoli, M. Garcia-Gomez, J. Leceta, and Y. Juarranz Time-course expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in inflammatory bowel disease and homeostatic effect of VIP J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2005; 78(2): 491 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Musikacharoen, A. Oguma, Y. Yoshikai, N. Chiba, A. Masuda, and T. Matsuguchi Interleukin-15 induces IL-12 receptor {beta}1 gene expression through PU.1 and IRF 3 by targeting chromatin remodeling Blood, January 15, 2005; 105(2): 711 - 720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Dunzendorfer, H.-K. Lee, and P. S. Tobias Flow-Dependent Regulation of Endothelial Toll-Like Receptor 2 Expression Through Inhibition of SP1 Activity Circ. Res., October 1, 2004; 95(7): 684 - 691. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Nilsen, U. Nonstad, N. Khan, C. F. Knetter, S. Akira, A. Sundan, T. Espevik, and E. Lien Lipopolysaccharide and Double-stranded RNA Up-regulate Toll-like Receptor 2 Independently of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 2004; 279(38): 39727 - 39735. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Hermoso, T. Matsuguchi, K. Smoak, and J. A. Cidlowski Glucocorticoids and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Cooperatively Regulate Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene Expression Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 2004; 24(11): 4743 - 4756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hongkuan Fan and J. A. Cook Review: Molecular mechanisms of endotoxin tolerance Innate Immunity, April 1, 2004; 10(2): 71 - 84. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. M. McWhirter, K. A. Fitzgerald, J. Rosains, D. C. Rowe, D. T. Golenbock, and T. Maniatis From The Cover: IFN-regulatory factor 3-dependent gene expression is defective in Tbk1-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts PNAS, January 6, 2004; 101(1): 233 - 238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Haase, C. J. Kirschning, A. Sing, P. Schrottner, K. Fukase, S. Kusumoto, H. Wagner, J. Heesemann, and K. Ruckdeschel A Dominant Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Signaling of Apoptosis in Bacteria-Faced Macrophages J. Immunol., October 15, 2003; 171(8): 4294 - 4303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Musikacharoen, Y. Yoshikai, and T. Matsuguchi Histone Acetylation and Activation of cAMP-response Element-binding Protein Regulate Transcriptional Activation of MKP-M in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Macrophages J. Biol. Chem., March 7, 2003; 278(11): 9167 - 9175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Hajishengallis, M. Martin, R. E. Schifferle, and R. J. Genco Counteracting Interactions between Lipopolysaccharide Molecules with Differential Activation of Toll-Like Receptors Infect. Immun., December 1, 2002; 70(12): 6658 - 6664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Faraldo, M.-A. Deugnier, S. Tlouzeau, J. P. Thiery, and M. A. Glukhova Perturbation of beta 1-Integrin Function in Involuting Mammary Gland Results in Premature Dedifferentiation of Secretory Epithelial Cells Mol. Biol. Cell, October 1, 2002; 13(10): 3521 - 3531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Tsuboi, Y. Yoshikai, S. Matsuo, T. Kikuchi, K.-I. Iwami, Y. Nagai, O. Takeuchi, S. Akira, and T. Matsuguchi Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in C-C Chemokine Production by Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells J. Immunol., August 15, 2002; 169(4): 2026 - 2033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wang, W. P. Lafuse, K. Takeda, S. Akira, and B. S. Zwilling Rapid Chromatin Remodeling of Toll-Like Receptor 2 Promoter During Infection of Macrophages with Mycobacterium avium J. Immunol., July 15, 2002; 169(2): 795 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Haehnel, L. Schwarzfischer, M. J. Fenton, and M. Rehli Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Toll-Like Receptor 2 Gene in Monocytes and Macrophages J. Immunol., June 1, 2002; 168(11): 5629 - 5637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Wei, M. W.-H. Wang, S. L. Teitelbaum, and F. P. Ross Interleukin-4 Reversibly Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis via Inhibition of NF-kappa B and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling J. Biol. Chem., February 15, 2002; 277(8): 6622 - 6630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Li, Y. Wang, L. Gao, J. Zhang, J. Shao, S. Wang, W. Feng, X. Wang, M. Li, and Z. Chang Expression of Toll-like Receptors 2 and 4 and CD14 during Differentiation of HL-60 Cells Induced by Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate and 1{alpha}, 25-Dihydroxy-Vitamin D3 Cell Growth Differ., January 1, 2002; 13(1): 27 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wang, W. P. Lafuse, and B. S. Zwilling NF{kappa}B and Sp1 Elements Are Necessary for Maximal Transcription of Toll-like Receptor 2 Induced by Mycobacterium avium J. Immunol., December 15, 2001; 167(12): 6924 - 6932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Martin, J. Katz, S. N. Vogel, and S. M. Michalek Differential Induction of Endotoxin Tolerance by Lipopolysaccharides Derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli J. Immunol., November 1, 2001; 167(9): 5278 - 5285. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
