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T Cells Are Needed for Ocular Immune Privilege and Corneal Graft Survival1
*
Graduate Program in Immunology and
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
It has been recognized for over a century that the anterior chamber
of the eye is endowed with a remarkable immune privilege. One
contributing component is the Ag-specific down-regulation of systemic
delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) that is induced when Ags are
introduced into the anterior chamber. This phenomenon, termed anterior
chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID), culminates in the
generation of regulatory cells that inhibit the induction (afferent
suppression) and expression (efferent suppression) of DTH. Since 
T cells play a major role in other forms of immune regulation, we
suspected they might contribute to the induction and expression of
ACAID. Mice treated with anti- Ab failed to develop ACAID
following anterior chamber injection of either soluble Ag (OVA) or
alloantigens (spleen cells). Additional experiments with knockout mice
confirmed that mice lacking functional T cells also fail to
develop ACAID. Using a local adoptive transfer of DTH assay, we found
that T cells were required for the generation of regulatory T
cells, but did not function as the efferent regulatory cells of ACAID.
The importance of T cells in corneal allograft survival was
confirmed by blocking T cells with GL3 Ab before corneal
transplantation. While in vivo treatment with normal hamster serum had
no effect on corneal graft survival, infusion of anti- Ab
resulted in a profound increase in corneal allograft rejection. Thus,
T cells are needed for sustaining at least one aspect of ocular
immune privilege and for promoting corneal allograft
survival.
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