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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 3780-3788.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

The Maturation of Dendritic Cells Results in Postintegration Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication1

Youssef Bakri2,*,§, Cécile Schiffer2,*, Véronique Zennou{ddagger}, Pierre Charneau{ddagger}, Edmond Kahn{dagger}, Abdelaziz Benjouad*,§, Jean Claude Gluckman* and Bruno Canque3,*

* E00-13 Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Université Paris 6 and Laboratoire d’Immunologie Cellulaire et Immunopathologie de l’Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France; {dagger} Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 494, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; {ddagger} Laboratoire d’Oncologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; and § Laboratoire de Biochimie and JER 3012 Associée à l’Agence Universitaire Francophone (AUPELF-UREF), Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Morocco

Maturation of dendritic cells (DC) is known to result in decreased capacity to produce HIV due to postentry block of its replicative cycle. In this study, we compared the early phases of this cycle in immature DC (iDC) and mature DC (mDC) generated from monocytes cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4, trimeric CD40 ligand (DCCD40LT), or monocyte-conditioned medium (DCMCM) being added or not from day 5. Culture day 8 cells exposed to X4 HIV-1LAI or R5 HIV-1Ba-L were analyzed by semiquantitative R-U5 PCR, which detects total HIV DNA. CXC chemokine receptor 4low (CXCR4low) CCR5+ iDC harbored similar viral DNA amounts when exposed to either strain. HIV-1LAI entered more efficiently into DCCD40LT or DCMCM with up-regulated CXCR4. CCR5low DCCD40LT still allowed entry of HIV-1Ba-L, whereas CCR5- DCMCM displayed reduced permissivity to this virus. Comparing amounts of late (long terminal repeat (LTR)-gag PCR) and total (R-U5 PCR) viral DNA products showed that HIV-1Ba-L reverse transcription was more efficient than that of HIV-1LAI, but was not affected by DC maturation. Southern blot detection of linear, circular, and integrated HIV DNA showed that maturation affected neither HIV-1 nuclear import nor integration. When assessing virus transcription by exposing iDC to pNL4-3.GFP or pNL4-3.Luc viruses pseudotyped with the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G), followed by culture with or without CD40LT or MCM, GFP and luciferase activities decreased by 60–75% in mDC vs iDC. Thus, reduced HIV replication in mDC is primarily due to a postintegration block occurring mainly at the transcriptional level. We could not relate this block to altered expression and nuclear localization of NF-{kappa}B proteins and SP1 and SP3 transcription factors.




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