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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 3743-3748.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Oligodeoxynucleotides Containing CpG Motifs Induce Low Levels of TNF-{alpha} in Human B Lymphocytes: Possible Adjuvants for Th1 Responses1

Barbara Bohle2, Lukas Orel, Dietrich Kraft and Christof Ebner

Department of Pathophysiology, Division of Immunopathology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) represent potential adjuvants for specific immunotherapy of type I allergies because they foster Th1-like immune responses. However, previous work has shown that CpG-ODN induce systemically active levels of TNF-{alpha} in murine macrophages. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the release of TNF-{alpha} in human cells by a CpG-ODN proven to induce Th1 immune responses in cells from atopic individuals and in mice. CpG-ODN induced TNF-{alpha} in cells from atopic and healthy individuals. However, the amounts were low, as determined by comparison with commonly used Ags. Intracellular cytokine staining of PBMC revealed that CpG-ODN-induced TNF-{alpha} derived exclusively from B lymphocytes. TNF-{alpha} contributed to the CpG-ODN-augmented proliferation and Ig synthesis in PBMC, but was not involved in IFN-{gamma} synthesis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that certain CpG-ODN induce low amounts of TNF-{alpha} in human B lymphocytes and may therefore be used to modulate Th2-biased immune responses in allergic patients.




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