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*
First Department of Internal Medicine and
First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan; and
Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Based on the relative expression of CD11c and CD1a, we previously
identified subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) or DC precursors in human
peripheral blood. A CD1a+/CD11c+ population
(CD11c+ DCs), also called myeloid DCs, is an immediate
precursor of Langerhans cells, whereas a
CD1a-/CD11c- population (CD11c-
DCs), sometimes called lymphoid DCs but better known as plasmacytoid
DCs, is composed of type I IFN (IFN-
)-producing cells. Here, we
investigate the effects of IFN-
and IFN-
as well as other
cytokines on CD11c+ and CD11c- DC subsets,
directly isolated from the peripheral blood, instead of in
vitro-generated DCs. IFN-
and IFN-
, rather than GM-CSF, were the
most potent cytokines for enhancing the maturation of
CD11c+ DCs. Incubation of CD11c+ DCs with
IFN-
also resulted in increased IL-12 production, and this IL-12
allowed DCs to increase Th1 responses by alloreactive T cells. In
contrast, IFN-
did not induce IL-12 but, rather, augmented IL-10
production. IFN-
-primed matured CD11c+ DCs induced
IL-10-producing regulatory T cells; however, this process was
independent of the DC-derived IL-10. On the other hand, IFN-
by
itself neither matured CD11c- DCs nor altered the
polarization of responding T cells, although this cytokine was a potent
survival factor for CD11c- DCs. Unlike IFN-
, IL-3 was a
potent survival factor and induced the maturation of
CD11c- DCs. The IL-3-primed CD11c- DCs
activated T cells to produce IL-10, IFN-
, and IL-4. Thus,
CD11c+ and CD11c- DC subsets play distinct
roles in the cytokine network, especially their responses to
IFNs.
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