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Section of Retroviral Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892
Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) that contain unmethylated CpG
dinucleotides trigger a strong innate immune response in vertebrates.
CpG ODN show promise as vaccine adjuvants, anti-allergens, and
immunoprotective agents in animal models. Their transition to clinical
use requires the identification of motifs that are optimally
stimulatory in humans. Analysis of hundreds of novel ODN resulted in
the identification and characterization of two structurally distinct
"clusters" of immunostimulatory CpG ODN. One cluster ("D")
preferentially stimulates IFN-
production by NK cells, whereas the
other ("K") stimulates cell proliferation and the production of
IL-6 and IgM by monocytes and B cells. The distinct immunostimulatory
properties of K and D ODN can improve the design of CpG-based products
to achieve specific therapeutic goals.
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