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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 1823-1831.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Yersinia Outer Protein P of Yersinia enterocolitica Simultaneously Blocks the Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Pathway and Exploits Lipopolysaccharide Signaling to Trigger Apoptosis in Macrophages1

Klaus Ruckdeschel2,*, Oliver Mannel*, Kathleen Richter*, Christoph A. Jacobi*, Konrad Trülzsch*, Bruno Rouot{dagger} and Jürgen Heesemann*

* Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, München, Germany; and {dagger} Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 431, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France

Exposure of macrophages to bacteria or LPS mediates activation of signaling pathways that induce expression of self defense-related genes. Pathogenic Yersinia species impair activation of transcription factor NF-{kappa}B and trigger apoptosis in macrophages. In this study, we dissected the mechanism of apoptosis induction by Yersinia. Selectively, Yersinia enterocolitica strains producing the effector protein Yersinia outer protein P (YopP) hampered NF-{kappa}B activation and subsequently conferred apoptosis to J774A.1 macrophages. Thereby, YopP bound and inhibited the macrophage NF-{kappa}B-activating kinase IKK{beta}. YopP- and Yersinia-, but not Salmonella-induced apoptosis was specifically prevented by transient overexpression of NF-{kappa}B p65, giving evidence that YopP mediates cell death by disrupting the NF-{kappa}B signaling pathway. Transfection of J774A.1 macrophages with YopP induced a moderate, but significant degree of apoptosis (40–50% of transfected cells). This effect was strongly enhanced by additional initiation of LPS signaling (80–90%), indicating a synergism between LPS-induced signal transduction and inhibition of NF-{kappa}B by YopP. This reflects a strategy of a bacterial pathogen that takes advantage of LPS, serving as cofactor, to impair the macrophage.




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