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Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Surgical Research Laboratories, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
The systemic immune response is a dynamic process involving the
trafficking of lymphocytes from the Ag-stimulated lymph node to the
peripheral tissue. Studies in sheep have demonstrated several phases of
cell output in the efferent lymph after Ag stimulation. When skin
contact sensitizers are used as Ag, the efferent lymph cell output
peaks 
96 h after Ag stimulation and is temporally associated with
the recruitment of cells into the skin. To investigate the relative
contribution of this high-output phase of efferent lymphocytes to
lymphocytic inflammation in the skin, we used a common contact
sensitizer 2-phenyl-4-ethoxymethylene-5-oxazolone (oxazolone) to
stimulate the skin and draining prescapular lymph node of adult sheep.
The efferent lymph ducts draining the Ag-stimulated and contralateral
control lymph nodes were cannulated throughout the experimental period.
The lymphocytes leaving the lymph nodes during the 72-h period before
maximum infiltration were differentially labeled with fluorescent
tracers, reinjected into the arterial circulation, and tracked to the
site of Ag stimulation. Quantitative tissue cytometry of the skin at
the conclusion of the injection period (96 h after Ag stimulation)
demonstrated more migratory cells derived from the Ag-stimulated lymph
node than the contralateral control (median 18.5 vs 15.5 per field;
p < 0.05). However, when corrected for total cell
output of the lymph node, the Ag-stimulated migratory cells were
3.8-fold more prevalent in the skin than the contralateral control
cells. These results suggest that the in situ immune response generally
mirrors the frequency of recruitable lymphocytes in the peripheral
blood.
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