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CD11b Expression Identifies CD8⁺CD28⁺ T Lymphocytes with Phenotype and Function of Both Naive/Memory and Effector Cells¹

Simona Fiorentini^*, Stefano Licenziati^*, Giulio Alessandri^*, Francesco Castelli, Silvio Caligaris, Monica Bonafede^*, Manuela Grassi^*, Emirena Garrafa^*, Andrea Balsari, Adolfo Turano^* and Arnaldo Caruso^2,*

^* Institute of Microbiology and Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia Medical School, Brescia, Italy; and Chair of Immunology, National Cancer Institute, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

A previously unreported CD8⁺CD28⁺CD11b⁺ T cell subset occurs in healthy individuals and expands in patients suffering from primary viral infections. In functional terms, these cells share the features of naive/memory CD8⁺CD28⁺CD11b^- and terminally differentiated effector CD8⁺CD28^-CD11b⁺ subpopulations. Like CD28^- cells, CD28⁺CD11b⁺ lymphocytes have the ability to produce IFN-, to express perforin granules in vivo, and to exert a potent cytolytic activity. Moreover, these cells can respond to chemotactic stimuli and can efficiently cross the endothelial barrier. In contrast, like their CD11b^- counterpart, they still produce IL-2 and retain the ability to proliferate following mitogenic stimuli. The same CD28⁺CD11b⁺ subpopulation detected in vivo could be generated by culturing naive CD28⁺CD11b^- cells in the presence of mitogenic stimuli following the acquisition of a CD45RO⁺ memory phenotype. Considering both phenotypic and functional properties, we argue that this subset may therefore constitute an intermediate phenotype in the process of CD8⁺ T cell differentiation and that the CD11b marker expression can distinguish between memory- and effector-type T cells in the human CD8⁺CD28⁺ T cell subset.

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