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The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 1097-1105.
Copyright © 2001 by The American Association of Immunologists

Bystander Activation of CD8+ T Cells Contributes to the Rapid Production of IFN-{gamma} in Response to Bacterial Pathogens1

Ganjana Lertmemongkolchai*,{dagger}, Guifang Cai{ddagger}, Christopher A. Hunter{ddagger} and Gregory J. Bancroft2,*

* Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; {dagger} Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; and {ddagger} School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104

The bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei causes a life-threatening disease called melioidosis. In vivo experiments in mice have identified that a rapid IFN-{gamma} response is essential for host survival. To identify the cellular sources of IFN-{gamma}, spleen cells from uninfected mice were stimulated with B. pseudomallei in vitro and assayed by ELISA and flow cytometry. Costaining for intracellular IFN-{gamma} vs cell surface markers demonstrated that NK cells and, more surprisingly, CD8+ T cells were the dominant sources of IFN-{gamma}. IFN-{gamma}+ NK cells were detectable after 5 h and IFN-{gamma}+ CD8+ T cells within 15 h after addition of bacteria. IFN-{gamma} production by both cell populations was inhibited by coincubation with neutralizing mAb to IL-12 or IL-18, while a mAb to TNF had much less effect. Three-color flow cytometry showed that IFN-{gamma}-producing CD8+ T cells were of the CD44high phenotype. The preferential activation of NK cells and CD8+ T cells, rather than CD4+ T cells, was also observed in response to Listeria monocytogenes or a combination of IL-12 and IL-18 both in vitro and in vivo. This rapid mechanism of CD8+ T cell activation may be an important component of innate immunity to intracellular pathogens.




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