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Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute and Department of Surgery, and Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany;
Department of Dermatology and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, and
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
Aspirin is the most commonly used analgesic and antiinflammatory
agent. In this study, at physiological concentrations, it profoundly
inhibited CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II expression on murine,
GM-CSF + IL-4 stimulated, bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells
(DC). CD11c and MHC class I expression were unaffected. The inhibitory
action was dose dependent and was evident at concentrations higher than
those necessary to inhibit PG synthesis. Experiments with indomethacin
revealed that the effects of aspirin on DC maturation were
cyclooxygenase independent. Nuclear extracts of purified,
aspirin-treated DC revealed a decreased NF-
B DNA-binding activity,
whereas Ab supershift analysis indicated that aspirin targeted
primarily NF-
B p50. Unexpectedly, aspirin promoted the generation of
CD11c+ DC, due to apparent suppression of granulocyte
development. The morphological and ultrastructural appearance of
aspirin-treated cells was consistent with immaturity. Aspirin-treated
DC were highly efficient at Ag capture, via both mannose
receptor-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. By contrast, they
were poor stimulators of naive allogeneic T cell proliferation and
induced lower levels of IL-2 in responding T cells. They also exhibited
impaired IL-12 expression and did not produce IL-10 after LPS
stimulation. Assessment of the in vivo function of aspirin-treated DC,
pulsed with the hapten trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, revealed an
inability to induce normal cell-mediated contact hypersensitivity,
despite the ability of the cells to migrate to T cell areas of draining
lymphoid tissue. These data provide new insight into the
immunopharmacology of aspirin and suggest a novel approach to the
manipulation of DC for therapeutic application.
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