| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
,
,
Departments of
*
Anesthesiology,
Surgery,
Medicine, and
Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
Patients with sepsis have impaired host defenses that contribute to the lethality of the disorder. Recent work implicates lymphocyte apoptosis as a potential factor in the immunosuppression of sepsis. If lymphocyte apoptosis is an important mechanism, specific subsets of lymphocytes may be more vulnerable. A prospective study of lymphocyte cell typing and apoptosis was conducted in spleens from 27 patients with sepsis and 25 patients with trauma. Spleens from 16 critically ill nonseptic (3 prospective and 13 retrospective) patients were also evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining showed a caspase-9-mediated profound progressive loss of B and CD4 T helper cells in sepsis. Interestingly, sepsis did not decrease CD8 T or NK cells. Although there was no overall effect on lymphocytes from critically ill nonseptic patients (considered as a group), certain individual patients did exhibit significant loss of B and CD4 T cells. The loss of B and CD4 T cells in sepsis is especially significant because it occurs during life-threatening infection, a state in which massive lymphocyte clonal expansion should exist. Mitochondria-dependent lymphocyte apoptosis may contribute to the immunosuppression in sepsis by decreasing the number of immune effector cells. Similar loss of lymphocytes may be occurring in critically ill patients with other disorders.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. E. Marik Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency Chest, January 1, 2009; 135(1): 181 - 193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Komura, M. Miksa, R. Wu, S. M. Goyert, and P. Wang Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor-Factor VIII Is Down-Regulated in Sepsis via the Lipopolysaccharide-CD14 Pathway J. Immunol., January 1, 2009; 182(1): 581 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Pene, B. Zuber, E. Courtine, C. Rousseau, F. Ouaaz, J. Toubiana, A. Tazi, J.-P. Mira, and J.-D. Chiche Dendritic Cells Modulate Lung Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Murine Model of Sepsis-Induced Immune Dysfunction J. Immunol., December 15, 2008; 181(12): 8513 - 8520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sinistro, C. Almerighi, C. Ciaprini, S. Natoli, E. Sussarello, S. Di Fino, F. Calo-Carducci, G. Rocchi, and A. Bergamini Downregulation of CD40 Ligand Response in Monocytes from Sepsis Patients Clin. Vaccine Immunol., December 1, 2008; 15(12): 1851 - 1858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Gruver and G. D. Sempowski Cytokines, leptin, and stress-induced thymic atrophy J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2008; 84(4): 915 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Wynn, P. O. Scumpia, R. D. Winfield, M. J. Delano, K. Kelly-Scumpia, T. Barker, R. Ungaro, O. Levy, and L. L. Moldawer Defective innate immunity predisposes murine neonates to poor sepsis outcome but is reversed by TLR agonists Blood, September 1, 2008; 112(5): 1750 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pachot, M.-A. Cazalis, F. Venet, F. Turrel, C. Faudot, N. Voirin, J. Diasparra, N. Bourgoin, F. Poitevin, B. Mougin, et al. Decreased Expression of the Fractalkine Receptor CX3CR1 on Circulating Monocytes as New Feature of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression J. Immunol., May 1, 2008; 180(9): 6421 - 6429. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Yasuda, A. Leelahavanichkul, S. Tsunoda, J. W. Dear, Y. Takahashi, S. Ito, X. Hu, H. Zhou, K. Doi, R. Childs, et al. Chloroquine and inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 protect from sepsis-induced acute kidney injury Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): F1050 - F1058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. M. Peck-Palmer, J. Unsinger, K. C. Chang, C. G. Davis, J. E. McDunn, and R. S. Hotchkiss Deletion of MyD88 markedly attenuates sepsis-induced T and B lymphocyte apoptosis but worsens survival J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2008; 83(4): 1009 - 1018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tschop, A. Martignoni, H. S. Goetzman, L. G. Choi, Q. Wang, J. G. Noel, C. K. Ogle, T. A. Pritts, J. A. Johannigman, A. B. Lentsch, et al. {gamma}{delta} T cells mitigate the organ injury and mortality of sepsis J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2008; 83(3): 581 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. V. Groesdonk, F. Wagner, B. Hoffarth, M. Georgieff, and U. Senftleben Enhancement of NF-{kappa}B Activation in Lymphocytes Prevents T Cell Apoptosis and Improves Survival in Murine Sepsis J. Immunol., December 15, 2007; 179(12): 8083 - 8089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Takahashi, S. Satoi, H. Yanagimoto, N. Terakawa, H. Toyokawa, T. Yamamoto, Y. Matsui, S. Takai, A-H. Kwon, and Y. Kamiyama Circulating Dendritic Cells and Development of Septic Complications After Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Cancer Arch Surg, December 1, 2007; 142(12): 1151 - 1157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Tsuchiya, E. Mitsuo, N. Hayashi, Y. Hikita, H. Nakao, S. Yamamoto, K. Miyamoto, and H. Tsujibo Vibrio vulnificus Damages Macrophages during the Early Phase of Infection Infect. Immun., September 1, 2007; 75(9): 4592 - 4596. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Delano, P. O. Scumpia, J. S. Weinstein, D. Coco, S. Nagaraj, K. M. Kelly-Scumpia, K. A. O'Malley, J. L. Wynn, S. Antonenko, S. Z. Al-Quran, et al. MyD88-dependent expansion of an immature GR-1+CD11b+ population induces T cell suppression and Th2 polarization in sepsis J. Exp. Med., June 11, 2007; 204(6): 1463 - 1474. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Viardot, S. T. Grey, F. Mackay, and D. Chisholm Potential Antiinflammatory Role of Insulin via the Preferential Polarization of Effector T Cells toward a T Helper 2 Phenotype Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 346 - 353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. O. Scumpia, M. J. Delano, K. M. Kelly, K. A. O'Malley, P. A. Efron, P. F. McAuliffe, T. Brusko, R. Ungaro, T. Barker, J. L. Wynn, et al. Increased Natural CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells and Their Suppressor Activity Do Not Contribute to Mortality in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis J. Immunol., December 1, 2006; 177(11): 7943 - 7949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Unsinger, J. M. Herndon, C. G. Davis, J. T. Muenzer, R. S. Hotchkiss, and T. A. Ferguson The Role of TCR Engagement and Activation-Induced Cell Death in Sepsis-Induced T Cell Apoptosis J. Immunol., December 1, 2006; 177(11): 7968 - 7973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sarkar, M. W. Hall, M. Exline, J. Hart, N. Knatz, N. T. Gatson, and M. D. Wewers Caspase-1 Regulates Escherichia coli Sepsis and Splenic B Cell Apoptosis Independently of Interleukin-1beta and Interleukin-18 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2006; 174(9): 1003 - 1010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Russell Management of Sepsis N. Engl. J. Med., October 19, 2006; 355(16): 1699 - 1713. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Laudanski, C. Miller-Graziano, W. Xiao, M. N. Mindrinos, D. R. Richards, A. De, L. L. Moldawer, R. V. Maier, P. Bankey, H. V. Baker, et al. Cell-specific expression and pathway analyses reveal alterations in trauma-related human T cell and monocyte pathways PNAS, October 17, 2006; 103(42): 15564 - 15569. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Suntharalingam, M. R. Perry, S. Ward, S. J. Brett, A. Castello-Cortes, M. D. Brunner, and N. Panoskaltsis Cytokine Storm in a Phase 1 Trial of the Anti-CD28 Monoclonal Antibody TGN1412 N. Engl. J. Med., September 7, 2006; 355(10): 1018 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Xiao, J. Siddiqui, and D. G. Remick Mechanisms of Mortality in Early and Late Sepsis Infect. Immun., September 1, 2006; 74(9): 5227 - 5235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Schwulst, M. H. Grayson, P. J. DiPasco, C. G. Davis, T. S. Brahmbhatt, T. A. Ferguson, and R. S. Hotchkiss Agonistic Monoclonal Antibody Against CD40 Receptor Decreases Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Improves Survival in Sepsis J. Immunol., July 1, 2006; 177(1): 557 - 565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-E. Claessens, M. Fontenay, F. Pene, J.-D. Chiche, M. Guesnu, C. Hababou, N. Casadevall, J.-F. Dhainaut, J.-P. Mira, and A. Cariou Erythropoiesis Abnormalities Contribute to Early-Onset Anemia in Patients with Septic Shock Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2006; 174(1): 51 - 57. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Hotchkiss, K. W. McConnell, K. Bullok, C. G. Davis, K. C. Chang, S. J. Schwulst, J. C. Dunne, G. P. H. Dietz, M. Bahr, J. E. McDunn, et al. TAT-BH4 and TAT-Bcl-xL Peptides Protect against Sepsis-Induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis In Vivo J. Immunol., May 1, 2006; 176(9): 5471 - 5477. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. B. Flohe, H. Agrawal, D. Schmitz, M. Gertz, S. Flohe, and F. U. Schade Dendritic cells during polymicrobial sepsis rapidly mature but fail to initiate a protective Th1-type immune response J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2006; 79(3): 473 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Soller, A. Tautenhahn, B. Brune, K. Zacharowski, S. John, H. Link, and A. von Knethen Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor {gamma} contributes to T lymphocyte apoptosis during sepsis J. Leukoc. Biol., January 1, 2006; 79(1): 235 - 243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Wunderink Nosocomial Pneumonia, Including Ventilator-associatedPneumonia Proceedings of the ATS, December 1, 2005; 2(5): 440 - 444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-M. Cavaillon, C. Adrie, C. Fitting, and M. Adib-Conquy Reprogramming of circulatory cells in sepsis and SIRS Innate Immunity, October 1, 2005; 11(5): 311 - 320. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Tefferi, C. A. Hanson, and D. J. Inwards How to Interpret and Pursue an Abnormal Complete Blood Cell Count in Adults Mayo Clin. Proc., July 1, 2005; 80(7): 923 - 936. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Hotchkiss, S. B. Osmon, K. C. Chang, T. H. Wagner, C. M. Coopersmith, and I. E. Karl Accelerated Lymphocyte Death in Sepsis Occurs by both the Death Receptor and Mitochondrial Pathways J. Immunol., April 15, 2005; 174(8): 5110 - 5118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Urban, T. T. Hien, N. P. Day, N. H. Phu, R. Roberts, E. Pongponratn, M. Jones, N. T. H. Mai, D. Bethell, G. D. H. Turner, et al. Fatal Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Causes Specific Patterns of Splenic Architectural Disorganization Infect. Immun., April 1, 2005; 73(4): 1986 - 1994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A. Felmet, M. W. Hall, R. S. B. Clark, R. Jaffe, and J. A. Carcillo Prolonged Lymphopenia, Lymphoid Depletion, and Hypoprolactinemia in Children with Nosocomial Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure J. Immunol., March 15, 2005; 174(6): 3765 - 3772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Kashimoto, S. Ueno, H. Hayashi, M. Hanajima, K. Yoshioka, K. Yoshida, K. Mutoh, and N. Susa Depletion of lymphocytes, but not neutrophils, via apoptosis in a murine model of Vibrio vulnificus infection J. Med. Microbiol., January 1, 2005; 54(1): 15 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. K. Nussbaum and J. L. Whitton The Contraction Phase of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Unaffected by a Pan-Caspase Inhibitor J. Immunol., December 1, 2004; 173(11): 6611 - 6618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Falcone, C. Perrotta, C. De Palma, A. Pisconti, C. Sciorati, A. Capobianco, P. Rovere-Querini, A. A. Manfredi, and E. Clementi Activation of Acid Sphingomyelinase and Its Inhibition by the Nitric Oxide/Cyclic Guanosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Pathway: Key Events in Escherichia coli-Elicited Apoptosis of Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., October 1, 2004; 173(7): 4452 - 4463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D H Wyllie, I C J W Bowler, and T E A Peto Relation between lymphopenia and bacteraemia in UK adults with medical emergencies J. Clin. Pathol., September 1, 2004; 57(9): 950 - 955. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Frank, K. Witte, W. Schrodl, and C. Schutt CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM CAUSES DELETERIOUS CONDITIONING OF INNATE IMMUNITY Alcohol Alcohol., September 1, 2004; 39(5): 386 - 392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Efron, A. Martins, D. Minnich, K. Tinsley, R. Ungaro, F. R. Bahjat, R. Hotchkiss, M. Clare-Salzler, and L. L. Moldawer Characterization of the Systemic Loss of Dendritic Cells in Murine Lymph Nodes During Polymicrobial Sepsis J. Immunol., September 1, 2004; 173(5): 3035 - 3043. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. G. R. WEAVER, M. S. ROUSE, J. M. STECKELBERG, and A. D. BADLEY Improved survival in experimental sepsis with an orally administered inhibitor of apoptosis FASEB J, August 1, 2004; 18(11): 1185 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Bommhardt, K. C. Chang, P. E. Swanson, T. H. Wagner, K. W. Tinsley, I. E. Karl, and R. S. Hotchkiss Akt Decreases Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Improves Survival in Sepsis J. Immunol., June 15, 2004; 172(12): 7583 - 7591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Wellmer, M. von Mering, A. Spreer, R. Diem, H. Eiffert, C. Noeske, S. Bunkowski, R. Gold, and R. Nau Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis: Impaired Clearance of Bacteria from the Blood Due to Increased Apoptosis in the Spleen in Bcl-2-Deficient Mice Infect. Immun., June 1, 2004; 72(6): 3113 - 3119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Le Tulzo, C. Pangault, L. Amiot, V. Guilloux, O. Tribut, C. Arvieux, C. Camus, R. Fauchet, R. Thomas, and B. Drenou Monocyte Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR Transcriptional Downregulation by Cortisol during Septic Shock Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., May 15, 2004; 169(10): 1144 - 1151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Methot, J. Huang, N. Coulombe, J. P. Vaillancourt, D. Rasper, J. Tam, Y. Han, J. Colucci, R. Zamboni, S. Xanthoudakis, et al. Differential Efficacy of Caspase Inhibitors on Apoptosis Markers during Sepsis in Rats and Implication for Fractional Inhibition Requirements for Therapeutics J. Exp. Med., January 20, 2004; 199(2): 199 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. S. Grutkoski, Y. Chen, C. S. Chung, and A. Ayala Sepsis-induced SOCS-3 expression is immunologically restricted to phagocytes J. Leukoc. Biol., November 1, 2003; 74(5): 916 - 922. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Jiang, C. F. Reich III, and D. S. Pisetsky Role of macrophages in the generation of circulating blood nucleosomes from dead and dying cells Blood, September 15, 2003; 102(6): 2243 - 2250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Tinsley, M. H. Grayson, P. E. Swanson, A. M. Drewry, K. C. Chang, I. E. Karl, and R. S. Hotchkiss Sepsis Induces Apoptosis and Profound Depletion of Splenic Interdigitating and Follicular Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., July 15, 2003; 171(2): 909 - 914. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Hotchkiss, K. C. Chang, M. H. Grayson, K. W. Tinsley, B. S. Dunne, C. G. Davis, D. F. Osborne, and I. E. Karl Adoptive transfer of apoptotic splenocytes worsens survival, whereas adoptive transfer of necrotic splenocytes improves survival in sepsis PNAS, May 27, 2003; 100(11): 6724 - 6729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Hotchkiss and I. E. Karl The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Sepsis N. Engl. J. Med., January 9, 2003; 348(2): 138 - 150. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Doerschug, S. Sanlioglu, D. M. Flaherty, R. L. Wilson, T. Yarovinsky, M. M. Monick, J. F. Engelhardt, and G. W. Hunninghake First-Generation Adenovirus Vectors Shorten Survival Time in a Murine Model of Sepsis J. Immunol., December 1, 2002; 169(11): 6539 - 6545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Salomao, M. K.C. Brunialti, E. G. Kallas, P. S. Martins, O. Rigato, and M. Freudenberg Lipopolysaccharide--cell interaction and induced cellular activation in whole blood of septic patients Innate Immunity, October 1, 2002; 8(5): 371 - 379. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Oberholzer, C. Oberholzer, K. S. Bahjat, R. Ungaro, C. L. Tannahill, M. Murday, F. R. Bahjat, Z. Abouhamze, V. Tsai, D. LaFace, et al. Increased Survival in Sepsis by In Vivo Adenovirus-Induced Expression of IL-10 in Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., April 1, 2002; 168(7): 3412 - 3418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Hotchkiss, K. W. Tinsley, P. E. Swanson, M. H. Grayson, D. F. Osborne, T. H. Wagner, J. P. Cobb, C. Coopersmith, and I. E. Karl Depletion of Dendritic Cells, But Not Macrophages, in Patients with Sepsis J. Immunol., March 1, 2002; 168(5): 2493 - 2500. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Byrne and D. J. Reen Lipopolysaccharide Induces Rapid Production of IL-10 by Monocytes in the Presence of Apoptotic Neutrophils J. Immunol., February 15, 2002; 168(4): 1968 - 1977. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. S. Hotchkiss, W. M. Dunne, P. E. Swanson, C. G. Davis, K. W. Tinsley, K. C. Chang, T. G. Buchman, I. E. Karl, H. Grassme, S. Kirschnek, et al. Role of Apoptosis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia Science, November 30, 2001; 294(5548): 1783a - 1783. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
