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*
Physiology Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
Changes in the cytoskeleton of endothelial cells (ECs) play
important roles in mediating neutrophil migration during inflammation.
Previous studies demonstrated that neutrophil adherence to
TNF-
-treated pulmonary microvascular ECs induced cytoskeletal
remodeling in ECs that required ICAM-1 ligation and oxidant production
and was mimicked by cross-linking ICAM-1. In this study, we examined
the role of ICAM-1-induced signaling pathways in mediating actin
cytoskeletal remodeling. Cross-linking ICAM-1 induced alterations in
ICAM-1 distribution, as well as the filamentous actin rearrangements
and stiffening of ECs shown previously. ICAM-1 cross-linking induced
phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that
was inhibited by allopurinol and also induced an increase in the
activity of the p38 MAPK that was inhibited by SB203580. However,
SB203580 had no effect on oxidant production in ECs or ICAM-1
clustering. ICAM-1 cross-linking also induced phosphorylation of heat
shock protein 27, an actin-binding protein that may be involved in
filamentous actin polymerization. The time course of heat shock protein
27 phosphorylation paralleled that of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and was
completely inhibited by SB203580. In addition, SB203580 blocked the EC
stiffening response induced by either neutrophil adherence or ICAM-1
cross-linking. Moreover, pretreatment of ECs with SB203580 reduced
neutrophil migration toward EC junctions. Taken together, these data
demonstrate that activation of p38 MAPK, mediated by xanthine
oxidase-generated oxidant production, is required for cytoskeletal
remodeling in ECs induced by ICAM-1 cross-linking or neutrophil
adherence. These cytoskeletal changes in ECs may in turn modulate
neutrophil migration toward EC junctions.
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