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T Cells Enhance Production of IL-18 by Monocytes in Response to an Intracellular Pathogen¹

Ramakrishna Vankayalapati^*, Benjamin Wizel, David L. Lakey^*,,, Yueru Zhang^*, Keith A. Coffee, David E. Griffith^*, and Peter F. Barnes^2,*,,

^* Center for Pulmonary and Infectious Disease Control, and Departments of Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler, TX 75708

We studied the effect of T cells on IL-18 production by human monocytes in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Addition of activated T cells markedly enhanced IL-18 production by monocytes exposed to M. tuberculosis. This effect was mediated by a soluble factor and did not require cell-to-cell contact. The effect of activated T cells was mimicked by recombinant IFN- and was abrogated by neutralizing Abs to IFN-. IFN- also enhanced the capacity of alveolar macrophages to produce IL-18 in response to M. tuberculosis, suggesting that this mechanism also operates in the lung during mycobacterial infection. IFN- increased IL-18 production by increasing cleavage of pro-IL-18 to mature IL-18, as it enhanced caspase-1 activity but did not increase IL-18 mRNA expression. These findings suggest that activated T cells can contribute to the initial immune response by augmenting IL-18 production by monocytes in response to an intracellular pathogen.

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