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Phosphorylation of the Activation Loop of p21-Activated Kinase (-Pak) and Related Kinases (MSTs) in Normal and Stressed Neutrophils¹

Jian P. Lian^*, Alex Toker and John A. Badwey^2,*,

^* Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115

Neutrophils stimulated with a variety of chemoattractants exhibit a rapid activation of two p21-activated kinases (Paks) with molecular masses of 63 and 69 kDa (- and -Pak). A number of in vitro studies suggest that modification of Thr⁴⁰² in the activation loop (AL) of -Pak can play a critical role in the regulation of this kinase under certain circumstances. A phosphospecific Ab was generated to this region of Pak (pPak(AL)Ab). This Ab reacted with activated - and -Pak from fMLP-stimulated neutrophils that contain the sequence KRXT(P)XXGTP in their ALs. The rapid but transient activation of Paks in normal stimulated neutrophils coincided with phosphorylation and dephosphorylation at the ALs of these enzymes. In contrast, stressed cells exhibited a prolonged phosphorylation at Thr⁴⁰² in both intact -Pak and a proteolytic fragment of this kinase. The pPak(AL)Ab also reacted with the mammalian sterile twenty-like kinases (MSTs) (members of the Pak family) in osmotically stressed neutrophils and neutrophils treated with certain apoptotic agents (i.e., tumor promoters that inhibit type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases) but not in normal fMLP-stimulated cells. Thus, our results indicate that the AL of -Pak undergoes transient phosphorylation during normal neutrophil stimulation and chronic phosphorylation in stressed cells. In addition, we demonstrate that a number of MSTs are present in neutrophils and also undergo phosphorylation during stressful circumstances.

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