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*
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, and
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; and
Institute for Microbiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
B cells can either differentiate in germinal centers or in
extrafollicular compartments of secondary lymphoid organs. Here we show
the migration properties of B cells after differentiation in murine
peripheral lymph node infected with mouse mammary tumor virus. Naive B
cells become activated, infected, and carry integrated retroviral DNA
sequences. After production of a retroviral superantigen, the infected
B cells receive cognate T cell help and differentiate along the two
main differentiation pathways analogous to classical Ag responses. The
extrafollicular differentiation peaks on day 6 of mouse mammary tumor
virus infection, and the follicular one becomes detectable after day
10. B cells participating in this immune response carry a retroviral
DNA marker that can be detected by using semiquantitative PCR. We
determined the migration patterns of B cells having taken part in the T
cell-B cell interaction from the draining lymph node to different
tissues. Waves of immigration and retention of infected cells in
secondary lymphoid organs, mammary gland, salivary gland, skin, lung,
and liver were observed correlating with the two peaks of B cell
differentiation in the draining lymph node. Other organs revealed
immigration of infected cells at later time points. The migration
properties were correlated with a strong up-regulation of
4
1 integrin expression. These results
show the migration properties of B cells during an immune response and
demonstrate that a large proportion of extrafolliculary differentiating
plasmablasts can escape local cell death and carry the retroviral
infection to peripheral organs.
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