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CUTTING EDGE |
Departments of
*
Immunology and
Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 play important roles in the early, innate immune response to microbial challenge. TLR2 is preferentially involved in the inflammatory response to lipoteichoic acid, lipopeptides, and glycans from a variety of microbes, whereas TLR4 is essential for a complete response to LPSs. We report here that TLR2 transduces the response to phenol-soluble modulin, a factor secreted by Staphylococcus epidermidis. The TLR2-mediated response to this modulin was enhanced by TLR6 but inhibited by TLR1, indicating a functional interaction between these receptors. We also demonstrate that a response to phenol-soluble modulin mediated by TLR2 and TLR6 was more refractory to inhibition by TLR1 than one mediated by TLR2 alone.
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S. Epelman, D. Stack, C. Bell, E. Wong, G. G. Neely, S. Krutzik, K. Miyake, P. Kubes, L. D. Zbytnuik, L. L. Ma, et al. Different Domains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S Activate Distinct TLRs J. Immunol., August 1, 2004; 173(3): 2031 - 2040. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 C Schneider, T Schmidt, C Ziske, K Tiemann, K-M Lee, V Uhlinsky, P Behrens, T Sauerbruch, I G H Schmidt-Wolf, P F Muhlradt, et al. Tumour suppression induced by the macrophage activating lipopeptide MALP-2 in an ultrasound guided pancreatic carcinoma mouse model Gut, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 355 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. A. Kurt-Jones, M. Chan, S. Zhou, J. Wang, G. Reed, R. Bronson, M. M. Arnold, D. M. Knipe, and R. W. Finberg Herpes simplex virus 1 interaction with Toll-like receptor 2 contributes to lethal encephalitis PNAS, February 3, 2004; 101(5): 1315 - 1320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. R. Hawn, A. Verbon, K. D. Lettinga, L. P. Zhao, S. S. Li, R. J. Laws, S. J. Skerrett, B. Beutler, L. Schroeder, A. Nachman, et al. A Common Dominant TLR5 Stop Codon Polymorphism Abolishes Flagellin Signaling and Is Associated with Susceptibility to Legionnaires' Disease J. Exp. Med., November 17, 2003; 198(10): 1563 - 1572. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Saito, T. Yajima, H. Nishimura, K. Aiba, R. Ishimitsu, T. Matsuguchi, T. Fushimi, Y. Ohshima, Y. Tsukamoto, and Y. Yoshikai Soluble Branched {beta}-(1,4)Glucans from Acetobacter Species Show Strong Activities to Induce Interleukin-12 in Vitro and Inhibit T-helper 2 Cellular Response with Immunoglobulin E Production in Vivo J. Biol. Chem., October 3, 2003; 278(40): 38571 - 38578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. Janssens and R. Beyaert Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Pathogen Recognition Clin. Microbiol. Rev., October 1, 2003; 16(4): 637 - 646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. Sandor, E. Latz, F. Re, L. Mandell, G. Repik, D. T. Golenbock, T. Espevik, E. A. Kurt-Jones, and R. W. Finberg Importance of extra- and intracellular domains of TLR1 and TLR2 in NF{kappa}B signaling J. Cell Biol., September 15, 2003; 162(6): 1099 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. I. Tapping and P. S. Tobias Mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan mediates physical interactions between TLR1 and TLR2 to induce signaling Innate Immunity, August 1, 2003; 9(4): 264 - 268. [Abstract] [PDF]
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K. A. Heldwein, M. D. Liang, T. K. Andresen, K. E. Thomas, A. M. Marty, N. Cuesta, S. N. Vogel, and M. J. Fenton TLR2 and TLR4 serve distinct roles in the host immune response against Mycobacterium bovis BCG J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2003; 74(2): 277 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. M. Paterson, T. J. Murphy, E. J. Purcell, O. Shelley, S. J. Kriynovich, E. Lien, J. A. Mannick, and J. A. Lederer Injury Primes the Innate Immune System for Enhanced Toll-Like Receptor Reactivity J. Immunol., August 1, 2003; 171(3): 1473 - 1483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Koyama, H. Tsukamoto, K. Masumoto, D. Himeji, K. Hayashi, M. Harada, and T. Horiuchi A novel polymorphism of the human APRIL gene is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatology, August 1, 2003; 42(8): 980 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. S. Van Amersfoort, T. J. C. Van Berkel, and J. Kuiper Receptors, Mediators, and Mechanisms Involved in Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock Clin. Microbiol. Rev., July 1, 2003; 16(3): 379 - 414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Yoder, X. Wang, Y. Ma, M. T. Philipp, M. Heilbrun, J. H. Weis, C. J. Kirschning, R. M. Wooten, and J. J. Weis Tripalmitoyl-S-Glyceryl-Cysteine-Dependent OspA Vaccination of Toll-Like Receptor 2-Deficient Mice Results in Effective Protection from Borrelia burgdorferi Challenge Infect. Immun., July 1, 2003; 71(7): 3894 - 3900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Fenhalls, G. R. Squires, L. Stevens-Muller, J. Bezuidenhout, G. Amphlett, K. Duncan, and P. T. Lukey Associations between Toll-Like Receptors and Interleukin-4 in the Lungs of Patients with Tuberculosis Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 2003; 29(1): 28 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. B. Mizel, A. N. Honko, M. A. Moors, P. S. Smith, and A. P. West Induction of Macrophage Nitric Oxide Production by Gram-Negative Flagellin Involves Signaling Via Heteromeric Toll-Like Receptor 5/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Complexes J. Immunol., June 15, 2003; 170(12): 6217 - 6223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Sabroe, L. R. Prince, E. C. Jones, M. J. Horsburgh, S. J. Foster, S. N. Vogel, S. K. Dower, and M. K. B. Whyte Selective Roles for Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 in the Regulation of Neutrophil Activation and Life Span J. Immunol., May 15, 2003; 170(10): 5268 - 5275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. F. Ortega-Cava, S. Ishihara, M. A. K. Rumi, K. Kawashima, N. Ishimura, H. Kazumori, J. Udagawa, Y. Kadowaki, and Y. Kinoshita Strategic Compartmentalization of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in the Mouse Gut J. Immunol., April 15, 2003; 170(8): 3977 - 3985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Y. Lee, A. Plakidas, W. H. Lee, A. Heikkinen, P. Chanmugam, G. Bray, and D. H. Hwang Differential modulation of Toll-like receptors by fatty acids: preferential inhibition by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids J. Lipid Res., March 1, 2003; 44(3): 479 - 486. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Melmed, L. S. Thomas, N. Lee, S. Y. Tesfay, K. Lukasek, K. S. Michelsen, Y. Zhou, B. Hu, M. Arditi, and M. T. Abreu Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells Are Broadly Unresponsive to Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Bacterial Ligands: Implications for Host-Microbial Interactions in the Gut J. Immunol., February 1, 2003; 170(3): 1406 - 1415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. Girard, T. Pedron, S. Uematsu, V. Balloy, M. Chignard, S. Akira, and R. Chaby Lipopolysaccharides from Legionella and Rhizobium stimulate mouse bone marrow granulocytes via Toll-like receptor 2 J. Cell Sci., January 15, 2003; 116(2): 293 - 302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Takeda, O. Takeuchi, and S. Akira Recognition of lipopeptides by Toll-like receptors Innate Immunity, December 1, 2002; 8(6): 459 - 463. [Abstract] [PDF]
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E. E. Putnins, A.-R. Sanaie, Q. Wu, and J. D. Firth Induction of Keratinocyte Growth Factor 1 Expression by Lipopolysaccharide Is Regulated by CD-14 and Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 Infect. Immun., December 1, 2002; 70(12): 6541 - 6548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Liu, T. Matsuguchi, N. Tsuboi, T. Yajima, and Y. Yoshikai Differences in Expression of Toll-Like Receptors and Their Reactivities in Dendritic Cells in BALB/c and C57BL/6 Mice Infect. Immun., December 1, 2002; 70(12): 6638 - 6645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. E. Medvedev, A. Lentschat, L. M. Wahl, D. T. Golenbock, and S. N. Vogel Dysregulation of LPS-Induced Toll-Like Receptor 4-MyD88 Complex Formation and IL-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 1 Activation in Endotoxin-Tolerant Cells J. Immunol., November 1, 2002; 169(9): 5209 - 5216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Williams, G. Jarai, A. Smith, and P. Finan IL-10 expression profiling in human monocytes J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2002; 72(4): 800 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Reiling, C. Holscher, A. Fehrenbach, S. Kroger, C. J. Kirschning, S. Goyert, and S. Ehlers Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2- and TLR4-Mediated Pathogen Recognition in Resistance to Airborne Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis J. Immunol., October 1, 2002; 169(7): 3480 - 3484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Weighardt, S. Kaiser-Moore, R. M. Vabulas, C. J. Kirschning, H. Wagner, and B. Holzmann Cutting Edge: Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Deficiency Improves Resistance Against Sepsis Caused by Polymicrobial Infection J. Immunol., September 15, 2002; 169(6): 2823 - 2827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. H. Flo, L. Ryan, E. Latz, O. Takeuchi, B. G. Monks, E. Lien, O. Halaas, S. Akira, G. Skjak-Brak, D. T. Golenbock, et al. Involvement of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Cell Activation by Mannuronic Acid Polymers J. Biol. Chem., September 13, 2002; 277(38): 35489 - 35495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Lorenz, D. D. Patel, T. Hartung, and D. A. Schwartz Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Murine Macrophage Cell Line as an In Vitro Assay System To Show TLR4-Independent Signaling of Bacteroides fragilis Lipopolysaccharide Infect. Immun., September 1, 2002; 70(9): 4892 - 4896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. E. Applequist, R. P. A. Wallin, and H.-G. Ljunggren Variable expression of Toll-like receptor in murine innate and adaptive immune cell lines Int. Immunol., September 1, 2002; 14(9): 1065 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Tsuboi, Y. Yoshikai, S. Matsuo, T. Kikuchi, K.-I. Iwami, Y. Nagai, O. Takeuchi, S. Akira, and T. Matsuguchi Roles of Toll-Like Receptors in C-C Chemokine Production by Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells J. Immunol., August 15, 2002; 169(4): 2026 - 2033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. A. Kurt-Jones, L. Mandell, C. Whitney, A. Padgett, K. Gosselin, P. E. Newburger, and R. W. Finberg Role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in neutrophil activation: GM-CSF enhances TLR2 expression and TLR2-mediated interleukin 8 responses in neutrophils Blood, August 13, 2002; 100(5): 1860 - 1868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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O. Takeuchi, S. Sato, T. Horiuchi, K. Hoshino, K. Takeda, Z. Dong, R. L. Modlin, and S. Akira Cutting Edge: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 1 in Mediating Immune Response to Microbial Lipoproteins J. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 169(1): 10 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Triantafilou, K. Miyake, D. T. Golenbock, and K. Triantafilou Mediators of innate immune recognition of bacteria concentrate in lipid rafts and facilitate lipopolysaccharide-induced cell activation J. Cell Sci., June 15, 2002; 115(12): 2603 - 2611. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. B. Mizel and J. A. Snipes Gram-negative Flagellin-induced Self-tolerance Is Associated with a Block in Interleukin-1 Receptor-associated Kinase Release from Toll-like Receptor 5 J. Biol. Chem., June 14, 2002; 277(25): 22414 - 22420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. Hornung, S. Rothenfusser, S. Britsch, A. Krug, B. Jahrsdorfer, T. Giese, S. Endres, and G. Hartmann Quantitative Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 1-10 mRNA in Cellular Subsets of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Sensitivity to CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides J. Immunol., May 1, 2002; 168(9): 4531 - 4537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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