|
|
||||||||
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853
Neutrophils are well known to rapidly migrate to foci of infection,
where they exert microbicidal functions. We sought to determine whether
neutrophils responding to in vivo infection with the protozoan pathogen
Toxoplasma gondii were capable of IL-12 production as
suggested by recent in vitro studies. Intraperitoneal infection induced
a neutrophil influx by 4 h, accompanied by ex vivo IL-12 p40 and
p70 release. Approximately 85% of the neutrophils displayed
intracellular stores of IL-12, as determined by flow cytometry and
confocal fluorescence microscopy. Neutrophils from IFN-
knockout
mice also expressed IL-12, ruling out an IFN-
-priming requirement.
Neither infected nor uninfected peritoneal macrophages displayed
intracellular IL-12, but these cells were strongly IL-10+.
Infection per se was unnecessary for IL-12 production because
peritoneal and peripheral blood neutrophils from uninfected animals
contained IL-12+ populations. Expression of the granulocyte
maturation marker Gr-1 (Ly-6G) was correlated with IL-12 production.
Mice depleted of their granulocytes by mAb administration at the time
of infection had decreased serum levels of IL-12 p40. These results
suggest a model in which neutrophils with prestored IL-12 are rapidly
mobilized to an infection site where they are triggered by the parasite
to release cytokine. Our findings place neutrophils prominently in the
cascade of early events leading to IL-12-dependent immunity to
T. gondii.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
W. Sukhumavasi, C. E. Egan, A. L. Warren, G. A. Taylor, B. A. Fox, D. J. Bzik, and E. Y. Denkers TLR Adaptor MyD88 Is Essential for Pathogen Control during Oral Toxoplasma gondii Infection but Not Adaptive Immunity Induced by a Vaccine Strain of the Parasite J. Immunol., September 1, 2008; 181(5): 3464 - 3473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Kesteman, G. Vansanten, B. Pajak, S. M. Goyert, and M. Moser Injection of lipopolysaccharide induces the migration of splenic neutrophils to the T cell area of the white pulp: role of CD14 and CXC chemokines J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2008; 83(3): 640 - 647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. M. M. Ali, G. ElGhazali, S. M. Montgomery, S. E. Farouk, A. Nasr, S. I. A. Noori, M. M. Shamad, O. E. Fadlelseed, and K. Berzins Fc{gamma}RIIa (CD32) Polymorphism and Onchocercal Skin Disease: Implications for the Development of Severe Reactive Onchodermatitis (ROD) Am J Trop Med Hyg, December 1, 2007; 77(6): 1074 - 1078. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. S. Goldszmid, A. Bafica, D. Jankovic, C. G. Feng, P. Caspar, R. Winkler-Pickett, G. Trinchieri, and A. Sher TAP-1 indirectly regulates CD4+ T cell priming in Toxoplasma gondii infection by controlling NK cell IFN-{gamma} production J. Exp. Med., October 29, 2007; 204(11): 2591 - 2602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Sukhumavasi, C. E. Egan, and E. Y. Denkers Mouse Neutrophils Require JNK2 MAPK for Toxoplasma gondii-Induced IL-12p40 and CCL2/MCP-1 Release J. Immunol., September 15, 2007; 179(6): 3570 - 3577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. T. Sasmono, A. Ehrnsperger, S. L. Cronau, T. Ravasi, R. Kandane, M. J. Hickey, A. D. Cook, S. R. Himes, J. A. Hamilton, and D. A. Hume Mouse neutrophilic granulocytes express mRNA encoding the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) as well as many other macrophage-specific transcripts and can transdifferentiate into macrophages in vitro in response to CSF-1 J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2007; 82(1): 111 - 123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Rydstrom and M. J. Wick Monocyte Recruitment, Activation, and Function in the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue during Oral Salmonella Infection J. Immunol., May 1, 2007; 178(9): 5789 - 5801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. A. Maletto, A. S. Ropolo, D. O. Alignani, M. V. Liscovsky, R. P. Ranocchia, V. G. Moron, and M. C. Pistoresi-Palencia Presence of neutrophil-bearing antigen in lymphoid organs of immune mice Blood, November 1, 2006; 108(9): 3094 - 3102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Kim, B. A. Butcher, C. W. Lee, S. Uematsu, S. Akira, and E. Y. Denkers Toxoplasma gondii Genotype Determines MyD88-Dependent Signaling in Infected Macrophages J. Immunol., August 15, 2006; 177(4): 2584 - 2591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Bennouna, W. Sukhumavasi, and E. Y. Denkers Toxoplasma gondii Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ligand-Induced Mobilization of Intracellular Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha to the Surface of Mouse Peritoneal Neutrophils Infect. Immun., July 1, 2006; 74(7): 4274 - 4281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C.-H. Liu, Y.-t. Fan, A. Dias, L. Esper, R. A. Corn, A. Bafica, F. S. Machado, and J. Aliberti Cutting Edge: Dendritic Cells Are Essential for In Vivo IL-12 Production and Development of Resistance against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice J. Immunol., July 1, 2006; 177(1): 31 - 35. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. J. Park, M. T. Wiekowski, S. A. Lira, and B. Mehrad Neutrophils Regulate Airway Responses in a Model of Fungal Allergic Airways Disease J. Immunol., February 15, 2006; 176(4): 2538 - 2545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Ali, M. Middleton, E. Pure, and D. J. Rader Apolipoprotein E Suppresses the Type I Inflammatory Response In Vivo Circ. Res., October 28, 2005; 97(9): 922 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. T. Smiley, P. A. Lanthier, K. N. Couper, F. M. Szaba, J. E. Boyson, W. Chen, and L. L. Johnson Exacerbated Susceptibility to Infection-Stimulated Immunopathology in CD1d-Deficient Mice J. Immunol., June 15, 2005; 174(12): 7904 - 7911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. M. Robben, M. LaRegina, W. A. Kuziel, and L. D. Sibley Recruitment of Gr-1+ monocytes is essential for control of acute toxoplasmosis J. Exp. Med., June 6, 2005; 201(11): 1761 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Bennouna and E. Y. Denkers Microbial Antigen Triggers Rapid Mobilization of TNF-{alpha} to the Surface of Mouse Neutrophils Transforming Them into Inducers of High-Level Dendritic Cell TNF-{alpha} Production J. Immunol., April 15, 2005; 174(8): 4845 - 4851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Kim, L. D. Rio, B. A. Butcher, T. H. Mogensen, S. R. Paludan, R. A. Flavell, and E. Y. Denkers p38 MAPK Autophosphorylation Drives Macrophage IL-12 Production during Intracellular Infection J. Immunol., April 1, 2005; 174(7): 4178 - 4184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. N. Kelly, J. K. Kolls, K. Happel, J. D. Schwartzman, P. Schwarzenberger, C. Combe, M. Moretto, and I. A. Khan Interleukin-17/Interleukin-17 Receptor-Mediated Signaling Is Important for Generation of an Optimal Polymorphonuclear Response against Toxoplasma gondii Infection Infect. Immun., January 1, 2005; 73(1): 617 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Borg, A. Jalil, D. Laderach, K. Maruyama, H. Wakasugi, S. Charrier, B. Ryffel, A. Cambi, C. Figdor, W. Vainchenker, et al. NK cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs) requires the formation of a synapse leading to IL-12 polarization in DCs Blood, November 15, 2004; 104(10): 3267 - 3275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. P. Matzer, F. Rodel, R. M. Strieter, M. Rollinghoff, and H. U. Beuscher Constitutive expression of CXCL2/MIP-2 is restricted to a Gr-1high, CD11b+, CD62Lhigh subset of bone marrow derived granulocytes Int. Immunol., November 1, 2004; 16(11): 1675 - 1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. R. Brown, V. A. Blaho, and C. M. Loiacono Treatment of Mice with the Neutrophil-Depleting Antibody RB6-8C5 Results in Early Development of Experimental Lyme Arthritis via the Recruitment of Gr-1- Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte-Like Cells Infect. Immun., September 1, 2004; 72(9): 4956 - 4965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Athanassopoulos, L. M.B. Vaessen, A. P.W.M. Maat, A. H.M.M. Balk, W. Weimar, and A. J.J.C. Bogers Peripheral blood dendritic cells in human end-stage heart failure and the early post-transplant period: evidence for systemic Th1 immune responses Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., April 1, 2004; 25(4): 619 - 626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. G. Mordue and L. D. Sibley A novel population of Gr-1+-activated macrophages induced during acute toxoplasmosis J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2003; 74(6): 1015 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
S. Bennouna, S. K. Bliss, T. J. Curiel, and E. Y. Denkers Cross-Talk in the Innate Immune System: Neutrophils Instruct Recruitment and Activation of Dendritic Cells during Microbial Infection J. Immunol., December 1, 2003; 171(11): 6052 - 6058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Rotta, E. W. Edwards, S. Sangaletti, C. Bennett, S. Ronzoni, M. P. Colombo, R. M. Steinman, G. J. Randolph, and M. Rescigno Lipopolysaccharide or Whole Bacteria Block the Conversion of Inflammatory Monocytes into Dendritic Cells In Vivo J. Exp. Med., October 20, 2003; 198(8): 1253 - 1263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. G. Hogg, S. Kumkate, S. Anderson, and A. P. Mountford Interleukin-12 p40 Secretion by Cutaneous CD11c+ and F4/80+ Cells Is a Major Feature of the Innate Immune Response in Mice That Develop Th1-Mediated Protective Immunity to Schistosomamansoni Infect. Immun., June 1, 2003; 71(6): 3563 - 3571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Buonocore, F. Paulart, A. Le Moine, M. Braun, I. Salmon, S. Van Meirvenne, K. Thielemans, M. Goldman, and V. Flamand Dendritic cells overexpressing CD95 (Fas) ligand elicit vigorous allospecific T-cell responses in vivo Blood, February 15, 2003; 101(4): 1469 - 1476. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Mehrad, M. Wiekowski, B. E. Morrison, S.-C. Chen, E. C. Coronel, D. J. Manfra, and S. A. Lira Transient Lung-Specific Expression of the Chemokine KC Improves Outcome in Invasive Aspergillosis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2002; 166(9): 1263 - 1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. C. Kirby, U. Yrlid, and M. J. Wick The Innate Immune Response Differs in Primary and Secondary Salmonella Infection J. Immunol., October 15, 2002; 169(8): 4450 - 4459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. A. Butcher and E. Y. Denkers Mechanism of Entry Determines the Ability of Toxoplasma gondii To Inhibit Macrophage Proinflammatory Cytokine Production Infect. Immun., September 1, 2002; 70(9): 5216 - 5224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. W. Pascual, T. Trunkle, and J. Sura Fimbriated Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Abates Initial Inflammatory Responses by Macrophages Infect. Immun., August 1, 2002; 70(8): 4273 - 4281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Rodriguez-Sosa, A. R. Satoskar, R. Calderon, L. Gomez-Garcia, R. Saavedra, R. Bojalil, and L. I. Terrazas Chronic Helminth Infection Induces Alternatively Activated Macrophages Expressing High Levels of CCR5 with Low Interleukin-12 Production and Th2-Biasing Ability Infect. Immun., July 1, 2002; 70(7): 3656 - 3664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Scanga, J. Aliberti, D. Jankovic, F. Tilloy, S. Bennouna, E. Y. Denkers, R. Medzhitov, and A. Sher Cutting Edge: MyD88 Is Required for Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Regulates Parasite-Induced IL-12 Production by Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., June 15, 2002; 168(12): 5997 - 6001. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Mason, J. Aliberti, J. C. Caamano, H.-C. Liou, and C. A. Hunter Cutting Edge: Identification of c-Rel-Dependent and -Independent Pathways of IL-12 Production During Infectious and Inflammatory Stimuli J. Immunol., March 15, 2002; 168(6): 2590 - 2594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Skeen, E. P. Rix, M. M. Freeman, and H. K. Ziegler Exaggerated Proinflammatory and Th1 Responses in the Absence of gamma /delta T Cells after Infection with Listeria monocytogenes Infect. Immun., December 1, 2001; 69(12): 7213 - 7223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Del Rio, S. Bennouna, J. Salinas, and E. Y. Denkers CXCR2 Deficiency Confers Impaired Neutrophil Recruitment and Increased Susceptibility During Toxoplasma gondii Infection J. Immunol., December 1, 2001; 167(11): 6503 - 6509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. P. Matzer, T. Baumann, N. W. Lukacs, M. Rollinghoff, and H. U. Beuscher Constitutive Expression of Macrophage-Inflammatory Protein 2 (MIP-2) mRNA in Bone Marrow Gives Rise to Peripheral Neutrophils with Preformed MIP-2 Protein J. Immunol., October 15, 2001; 167(8): 4635 - 4643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. A. Butcher, L. Kim, P. F. Johnson, and E. Y. Denkers Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Induction in Infected Macrophages by Preventing Nuclear Translocation of the Transcription Factor NF-{kappa}B J. Immunol., August 15, 2001; 167(4): 2193 - 2201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. K. Bliss, L. C. Gavrilescu, A. Alcaraz, and E. Y. Denkers Neutrophil Depletion during Toxoplasma gondii Infection Leads to Impaired Immunity and Lethal Systemic Pathology Infect. Immun., August 1, 2001; 69(8): 4898 - 4905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. R. Hall, E. Diaconu, and E. Pearlman A Dominant Role for Fc{{gamma}} Receptors in Antibody-Dependent Corneal Inflammation J. Immunol., July 15, 2001; 167(2): 919 - 925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Wysocka, S. Robertson, H. Riemann, J. Caamano, C. Hunter, A. Mackiewicz, L. J. Montaner, G. Trinchieri, and C. L. Karp IL-12 Suppression During Experimental Endotoxin Tolerance: Dendritic Cell Loss and Macrophage Hyporesponsiveness J. Immunol., June 15, 2001; 166(12): 7504 - 7513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. R. Hall, E. Diaconu, R. Patel, and E. Pearlman CXC Chemokine Receptor 2 But Not C-C Chemokine Receptor 1 Expression Is Essential for Neutrophil Recruitment to the Cornea in Helminth-Mediated Keratitis (River Blindness) J. Immunol., March 15, 2001; 166(6): 4035 - 4041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |