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-Chain Phosphorylation and Antagonizes Processive TCR Signal Transduction1



,
Departments of
*
Biological Chemistry and
Microbiology and Immunology, and the
Molecular Biology Institute, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Galectin-1 is an endogenous lectin with known T cell
immunoregulatory activity, though the molecular basis by which
galectin-1 influences Ag specific T cell responses has not been
elucidated. Here, we characterize the ability of galectin-1 to modulate
TCR signals and responses by T cells with well defined hierarchies of
threshold requirements for signaling distinct functional responses. We
demonstrate that galectin-1 antagonizes TCR responses known to require
costimulation and processive protein tyrosine phosphorylation, such as
IL-2 production, but is permissive for TCR responses that only require
partial TCR signals, such as IFN-
production, CD69 up-regulation,
and apoptosis. Galectin-1 binding alone or together with Ag stimulation
induces partial phosphorylation of TCR-
and the generation of
inhibitory pp21
. Galectin-1 antagonizes Ag induced signals and
TCR/costimulator dependent lipid raft clustering at the TCR contact
site. We propose that galectin-1 functions as a T cell
"counterstimulator" to limit required protein segregation and lipid
raft reorganization at the TCR contact site and, thus, processive and
sustained TCR signal transduction. These findings support the concept
that TCR antagonism can arise from the generation of an inhibitory
pp21
-based TCR signaling complex. Moreover, they demonstrate that
TCR antagonism can result from T cell interactions with a ligand other
than peptide/MHC.
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