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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Propre de Recherche 0415, Cell Biology Department, Institut Cochin de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris VII, Paris, France;
Endothelial and Epithelial Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom;
Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 168, Paris, France; and
§
Neurotech SA, Immeuble Génopole-Industries, Evry, France
Endothelium of the cerebral blood vessels, which constitutes the
blood-brain barrier, controls adhesion and trafficking of leukocytes
into the brain. Investigating signaling pathways triggered by the
engagement of adhesion molecules expressed on brain endothelial cells
using two rat brain endothelial cell lines (RBE4 and GP8), we report in
this paper that ICAM-1 cross-linking induces a sustained tyrosine
phosphorylation of the phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C
(PLC)
1, with a concomitant increase in both
inositol phosphate production and intracellular calcium concentration.
Our results suggest that PLC are responsible, via a calcium- and
protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway, for
p60Src activation and tyrosine phosphorylation
of the p60Src substrate, cortactin. PKCs are
also required for tyrosine phosphorylation of the
cytoskeleton-associated proteins, focal adhesion kinase and paxillin,
but not for ICAM-1-coupled p130Cas
phosphorylation. PKCs activation is also necessary for stress fiber
formation induced by ICAM-1 cross-linking. Finally, cell pretreatment
with intracellular calcium chelator or PKC inhibitors significantly
diminishes transmonolayer migration of activated T lymphocytes, without
affecting their adhesion to brain endothelial cells. In summary, our
data demonstrate that ICAM-1 cross-linking induces calcium signaling
which, via PKCs, mediates phosphorylation of actin-associated proteins
and cytoskeletal rearrangement in brain endothelial cell lines. Our
results also indicate that these calcium-mediated intracellular events
are essential for lymphocyte migration through the blood-brain
barrier.
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