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The Journal of Immunology, 00, 165: 2643-2650.
Copyright © 00 by The American Association of Immunologists

{gamma}{delta}-T Cells Are Critical for Survival and Early Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression During Murine Klebsiella Pneumonia1

Thomas A. Moore2, Bethany B. Moore, Michael W. Newstead and Theodore J. Standiford

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109

Although cells of the innate inflammatory response, such as macrophages and neutrophils, have been extensively studied in the arena of Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia, a role for T cells remains unknown. To study the role of specific T cell populations in bacterial pneumonia, mice deleted of their TCR ß- and/or {delta}-chain were intratracheally inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae. {gamma}{delta} T cell knockout mice displayed increased mortality at both early and late time points. In contrast, mice specifically lacking only {alpha}ß-T cells were no more susceptible than wild-type mice. Pulmonary bacterial clearance in {gamma}{delta}-T cell knockout mice was unimpaired. Interestingly, these mice displayed increased peripheral blood dissemination. Rapid up-regulation of IFN-{gamma} and TNF-{alpha} gene expression, critical during bacterial infections, was markedly impaired in lung and liver tissue from {gamma}{delta}-T cell-deficient mice 24 h postinfection. The increased peripheral blood bacterial dissemination correlated with impaired hepatic bacterial clearance following pulmonary infection and increased hepatic injury as measured by plasma aspartate aminotransferase activity. Combined, these data suggest that mice lacking {gamma}{delta}-T cells have an impaired ability to resolve disseminated bacterial infections subsequent to the initial pulmonary infection. These data indicate that {gamma}{delta}-T cells comprise a critical component of the acute inflammatory response toward extracellular Gram-negative bacterial infections and are vital for the early production of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-{gamma} and TNF-{alpha}.




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