| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
The rabbit establishes its primary Ab repertoire by somatically diversifying an initial repertoire that is limited by restricted VH gene segment usage during VDJ gene rearrangement. Somatic diversification occurs in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and by about 1–2 mo of age nearly all Ig VDJ genes are somatically diversified. In other species that are known to establish their primary Ab repertoire by somatic diversification, such as chicken, sheep, and cattle, diversification appears to be developmentally regulated: it begins before birth and occurs independent of exogenous factors. Because somatic diversification in rabbit occurs well after birth in GALT, the diversification process may not be developmentally regulated, but may require interaction with exogenous factors derived from the gut. To test this hypothesis, we examined Ab repertoire diversification in rabbits in which the appendix was ligated shortly after birth to prevent microbial colonization and all other organized GALT was surgically removed. We found that by 12 wk of age nearly 90% of the Ig VDJ genes in PBL were undiversified, indicating that intestinal microflora are required for somatically diversifying the Ab repertoire. We also examined repertoire diversification in sterilely derived remote colony rabbits that were hand raised away from contact with conventional rabbits and thereby acquired a different gut microflora. In these remote colony rabbits, GALT was underdeveloped, and 70% of the Ig VDJ genes in PBL were undiversified. We conclude that specific, currently unidentified intestinal microflora are required for Ab repertoire diversification.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. S. Gomez-Conde, J. Garcia, S. Chamorro, P. Eiras, P. G. Rebollar, A. Perez de Rozas, I. Badiola, C. de Blas, and R. Carabano Neutral detergent-soluble fiber improves gut barrier function in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits J Anim Sci, December 1, 2007; 85(12): 3313 - 3321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Zemlin, G. Hoersch, C. Zemlin, A. Pohl-Schickinger, M. Hummel, C. Berek, R. F. Maier, and K. Bauer The Postnatal Maturation of the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain IgG Repertoire in Human Preterm Neonates Is Slower than in Term Neonates J. Immunol., January 15, 2007; 178(2): 1180 - 1188. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Yang, H. Obiakor, R. K. Sinha, B. A. Newman, B. L. Hood, T. P. Conrads, T. D. Veenstra, and R. G. Mage Activation-induced deaminase cloning, localization, and protein extraction from young VH-mutant rabbit appendix PNAS, November 22, 2005; 102(47): 17083 - 17088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Butler, D. H. Francis, J. Freeling, P. Weber, and A. M. Krieg Antibody Repertoire Development in Fetal and Neonatal Piglets. IX. Three Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns Act Synergistically to Allow Germfree Piglets to Respond to Type 2 Thymus-Independent and Thymus-Dependent Antigens J. Immunol., November 15, 2005; 175(10): 6772 - 6785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K.-J. Rhee, P. J. Jasper, P. Sethupathi, M. Shanmugam, D. Lanning, and K. L. Knight Positive selection of the peripheral B cell repertoire in gut-associated lymphoid tissues J. Exp. Med., January 3, 2005; 201(1): 55 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. M. Mutch, R. Simmering, D. Donnicola, G. Fotopoulos, J. A. Holzwarth, G. Williamson, and I. Corthesy-Theulaz Impact of commensal microbiota on murine gastrointestinal tract gene ontologies Physiol Genomics, September 16, 2004; 19(1): 22 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-J. Rhee, P. Sethupathi, A. Driks, D. K. Lanning, and K. L. Knight Role of Commensal Bacteria in Development of Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues and Preimmune Antibody Repertoire J. Immunol., January 15, 2004; 172(2): 1118 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Jasper, S.-K. Zhai, S. L. Kalis, M. Kingzette, and K. L. Knight B Lymphocyte Development in Rabbit: Progenitor B Cells and Waning of B Lymphopoiesis J. Immunol., December 15, 2003; 171(12): 6372 - 6380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. N. Jenne, L. J. Kennedy, P. McCullagh, and J. D. Reynolds A New Model of Sheep Ig Diversification: Shifting the Emphasis Toward Combinatorial Mechanisms and Away from Hypermutation J. Immunol., April 1, 2003; 170(7): 3739 - 3750. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Sehgal, H. Obiakor, and R. G. Mage Distinct Clonal Ig Diversification Patterns in Young Appendix Compared to Antigen-Specific Splenic Clones J. Immunol., June 1, 2002; 168(11): 5424 - 5433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
