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Istituto Dermopatico dellImmacolata, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
IFN-induced protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-
(Mig), and IFN-inducible T-cell
-chemoattractant (I-TAC) belong to
the non-glutamate-leucine-arginine motif CXC chemokine family and act
solely through the CXCR3 receptor for potent attraction of T
lymphocytes. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the T
cell-derived cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17 to modulate IP-10, Mig,
and I-TAC in cultured human keratinocytes and CXCR3 expression in T
cells from allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). IL-4, but not IL-10 or
IL-17, significantly up-regulated IFN-
- or TNF-
-induced IP-10,
Mig, and I-TAC mRNA accumulation in keratinocytes and increased the
levels of IP-10 and Mig in keratinocyte supernatants.
Immunohistochemistry of skin affected by ACD revealed that >70% of
infiltrating cells were reactive for CXCR3 and that CXCR3 staining
colocalized in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Nickel-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lines
established from ACD skin produced IFN-
and IL-4 and expressed
moderate to high levels of CXCR3. Finally, CXCR3 agonistic chemokines
released by stimulated keratinocytes triggered calcium mobilization in
skin-derived nickel-specific CD4+ T cells and promoted
their migration, with supernatant from keratinocyte cultures stimulated
with IFN-
and IL-4 attracting more efficaciously than supernatant
from keratinocytes activated with IFN-
alone. In conclusion, IL-4
exerts a proinflammatory function on keratinocytes by potentiating
IFN-
and TNF-
induction of IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, which in turn
may determine a prominent recruitment of CXCR3+ T
lymphocytes at inflammatory reaction sites.
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