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Departments of
*
Immunology,
Biophysics, and
Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263; and
§
Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, State University of New York, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY 14214
Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in regulating chromatin
structure and gene expression through repression. In this study, we
show that histone deacetylase inhibitors (DAIs) that alter the
acetylation of histones in chromatin enhance the expression of several
genes on tumor cells including: MHC class I, II, and the costimulatory
molecule CD40. Enhanced transcription results in a significant increase
in protein expression on the tumor cell surface, and expression can be
elicited on some tumors that are unresponsive to IFN-
. The magnitude
of induction of these genes cannot be explained by the effect of DAIs
on the cell cycle or enhanced apoptosis. Induction of class II genes by
DAIs was accompanied by activation of a repressed class II
transactivator gene in a plasma cell tumor but, in several other tumor
cell lines, class II was induced in the apparent absence of class II
transactivator transcripts. These findings also suggest that the
abnormalities observed in some tumors in the expression of genes
critical to tumor immunity may result from epigenetic alterations in
chromatin and gene regulation in addition to well-established
mutational mechanisms.
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