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The Carlos and Marguerite Mason Transplantation Research Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
Simultaneous blockade of the CD40 and CD28 T cell costimulatory
pathways effectively promotes skin allograft survival in C3H/HeJ mice,
extending median survival times (MSTs) beyond 100 days. This strategy
is markedly less effective in C57BL/6 mice, with MSTs ranging between
20 and 30 days. In this study, we investigate the underlying genetic
causes of these distinct phenotypes. Using H-2 congenic mice, we show
that the genetic basis for the varied responses between these two
strains is independent of the H-2 locus and T cell precursor frequency.
C57BL/6 mice treated with costimulation blockade are able to generate
allospecific CTL- and IFN-
-producing T cells within 34 wk
posttransplant, whereas mice with a C3H background generate neither
CTL- nor IFN-
-producing cells. Thus, differences appear to be in the
generation of the immune response and not T cell homing. Strain
differences in costimulation blockade-induced hyporesponsiveness
persist in the absence of CD4+ T cells, implying a direct
effect on CD8+ T cells. We demonstrate that genetic
differences are important in cells of hemopoietic origin and that the
costimulation blockade-resistant phenotype is dominant. Analysis of BXH
recombinant inbred strains indicates that multiple loci contribute to
the phenotype, and that the blockade resistance loci are preliminarily
linked to 17 markers on four chromosomes. We conclude that strain
variation in allograft MSTs following CD40/CD28 blockade results from
the ability of CD8+ T cells in some strains to use
alternative modes of costimulation to mount an effective
alloresponse.
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