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The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 6833-6839.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Association of Immunologists

Early Programming of T Cell Populations Responding to Bacterial Infection1

Roberto Mercado2,*, Sujata Vijh2,3,*, S. Elise Allen*,{dagger}, Kristen Kerksiek*,{dagger}, Ingrid M. Pilip* and Eric G. Pamer4,*,{dagger}

Sections of * Infectious Diseases and {dagger} Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520

The duration of infection and the quantity of Ag presented in vivo are commonly assumed to influence, if not determine, the magnitude of T cell responses. Although the cessation of in vivo T cell expansion coincides with bacterial clearance in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes, closer analysis suggests that control of T cell expansion and contraction is more complex. In this report, we show that the magnitude and kinetics of Ag-specific T cell responses are determined during the first day of bacterial infection. Expansion of Ag-specific T lymphocyte populations and generation of T cell memory are independent of the duration and severity of in vivo bacterial infection. Our studies indicate that the Ag-specific T cell response to L. monocytogenes is programmed before the peak of the innate inflammatory response and in vivo bacterial replication.




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J. Immunol.Home page
S. M. Keating, P. Bejon, T. Berthoud, J. M. Vuola, S. Todryk, D. P. Webster, S. J. Dunachie, V. S. Moorthy, S. J. McConkey, S. C. Gilbert, et al.
Durable Human Memory T Cells Quantifiable by Cultured Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assays Are Induced by Heterologous Prime Boost Immunization and Correlate with Protection against Malaria
J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5675 - 5680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
A. Ploss, I. Leiner, and E. G. Pamer
Distinct Regulation of H2-M3-Restricted Memory T Cell Responses in Lymph Node and Spleen
J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5998 - 6005.
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J. Immunol.Home page
M. Zakharova and H. K. Ziegler
Paradoxical Anti-Inflammatory Actions of TNF-{alpha}: Inhibition of IL-12 and IL-23 via TNF Receptor 1 in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 5024 - 5033.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
M. A. Brehm, K. A. Daniels, and R. M. Welsh
Rapid Production of TNF-{alpha} following TCR Engagement of Naive CD8 T Cells
J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 5043 - 5049.
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J. Immunol.Home page
J. M. Curtsinger, D. C. Lins, C. M. Johnson, and M. F. Mescher
Signal 3 Tolerant CD8 T Cells Degranulate in Response to Antigen but Lack Granzyme B to Mediate Cytolysis
J. Immunol., October 1, 2005; 175(7): 4392 - 4399.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Infect. Immun.Home page
Z. Li, X. Zhao, D. E. Higgins, and F. R. Frankel
Conditional Lethality Yields a New Vaccine Strain of Listeria monocytogenes for the Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity
Infect. Immun., August 1, 2005; 73(8): 5065 - 5073.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
P. Otahal, S. C. Hutchinson, L. M. Mylin, M. J. Tevethia, S. S. Tevethia, and T. D. Schell
Inefficient Cross-Presentation Limits the CD8+ T Cell Response to a Subdominant Tumor Antigen Epitope
J. Immunol., July 15, 2005; 175(2): 700 - 712.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
A. K. Nussbaum, M. P. Rodriguez-Carreno, N. Benning, J. Botten, and J. L. Whitton
Immunoproteasome-Deficient Mice Mount Largely Normal CD8+ T Cell Responses to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection and DNA Vaccination
J. Immunol., July 15, 2005; 175(2): 1153 - 1160.
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J. Immunol.Home page
J. S. Haring, G. A. Corbin, and J. T. Harty
Dynamic Regulation of IFN-{gamma} Signaling in Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Responding to Infection
J. Immunol., June 1, 2005; 174(11): 6791 - 6802.
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JEMHome page
R. Obst, H.-M. van Santen, D. Mathis, and C. Benoist
Antigen persistence is required throughout the expansion phase of a CD4+ T cell response
J. Exp. Med., May 16, 2005; 201(10): 1555 - 1565.
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J. Nutr.Home page
R. Irons, P. Pinge-Filho, and K. L. Fritsche
Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Do Not Affect the In Vivo Development and Function of Listeria-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ Effector and Memory/Effector T Cells in Mice
J. Nutr., May 1, 2005; 135(5): 1151 - 1156.
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JEMHome page
J. K. Whitmire, J. T. Tan, and J. L. Whitton
Interferon-{gamma} acts directly on CD8+ T cells to increase their abundance during virus infection
J. Exp. Med., April 4, 2005; 201(7): 1053 - 1059.
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. G. Kitchen, J. K. Whitmire, N. R. Jones, Z. Galic, C. M. R. Kitchen, R. Ahmed, and J. A. Zack
The CD4 molecule on CD8+ T lymphocytes directly enhances the immune response to viral and cellular antigens
PNAS, March 8, 2005; 102(10): 3794 - 3799.
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Infect. Immun.Home page
V. K. Sambandamurthy, S. C. Derrick, K. V. Jalapathy, B. Chen, R. G. Russell, S. L. Morris, and W. R. Jacobs Jr.
Long-Term Protection against Tuberculosis following Vaccination with a Severely Attenuated Double Lysine and Pantothenate Auxotroph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Infect. Immun., February 1, 2005; 73(2): 1196 - 1203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
R. Maile, C. A. Siler, S. E. Kerry, K. E. Midkiff, E. J. Collins, and J. A. Frelinger
Peripheral "CD8 Tuning" Dynamically Modulates the Size and Responsiveness of an Antigen-Specific T Cell Pool In Vivo
J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 619 - 627.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
T. N. J. Bullock and H. Yagita
Induction of CD70 on Dendritic Cells through CD40 or TLR Stimulation Contributes to the Development of CD8+ T Cell Responses in the Absence of CD4+ T Cells
J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 710 - 717.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Infect. Immun.Home page
K. Panthel, K. M. Meinel, V. E. S. Domenech, H. Retzbach, E. I. Igwe, W.-D. Hardt, and H. Russmann
Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2-Mediated Overexpression of Chimeric SspH2 Proteins for Simultaneous Induction of Antigen-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cells
Infect. Immun., January 1, 2005; 73(1): 334 - 341.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
M. A. Williams and M. J. Bevan
Shortening the Infectious Period Does Not Alter Expansion of CD8 T Cells but Diminishes Their Capacity to Differentiate into Memory Cells
J. Immunol., December 1, 2004; 173(11): 6694 - 6702.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Infect. Immun.Home page
A. C. Kirby, M. Sundquist, and M. J. Wick
In Vivo Compartmentalization of Functionally Distinct, Rapidly Responsive Antigen-Specific T-Cell Populations in DNA-Immunized or Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium-Infected Mice
Infect. Immun., November 1, 2004; 72(11): 6390 - 6400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
G. A. Corbin and J. T. Harty
Duration of Infection and Antigen Display Have Minimal Influence on the Kinetics of the CD4+ T Cell Response to Listeria monocytogenes Infection
J. Immunol., November 1, 2004; 173(9): 5679 - 5687.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
D. G. Brockstedt, M. A. Giedlin, M. L. Leong, K. S. Bahjat, Y. Gao, W. Luckett, W. Liu, D. N. Cook, D. A. Portnoy, and T. W. Dubensky Jr.
Listeria-based cancer vaccines that segregate immunogenicity from toxicity
PNAS, September 21, 2004; 101(38): 13832 - 13837.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
A. Srinivasan, J. Foley, R. Ravindran, and S. J. McSorley
Low-Dose Salmonella Infection Evades Activation of Flagellin-Specific CD4 T Cells
J. Immunol., September 15, 2004; 173(6): 4091 - 4099.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
A. T. Stock, S. N. Mueller, A. L. van Lint, W. R. Heath, and F. R. Carbone
Cutting Edge: Prolonged Antigen Presentation after Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Skin Infection
J. Immunol., August 15, 2004; 173(4): 2241 - 2244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
H. Ichii, A. Sakamoto, Y. Kuroda, and T. Tokuhisa
Bcl6 Acts as an Amplifier for the Generation and Proliferative Capacity of Central Memory CD8+ T Cells
J. Immunol., July 15, 2004; 173(2): 883 - 891.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Immunol.Home page
C. W. Lawrence and T. J. Braciale
Activation, Differentiation, and Migration of Naive Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells during Pulmonary Influenza Virus Infection
J. Immunol., July 15, 2004; 173(2): 1209 - 1218.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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