|
|
||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||



Sections of
*
Infectious Diseases and
Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
The duration of infection and the quantity of Ag presented in vivo are commonly assumed to influence, if not determine, the magnitude of T cell responses. Although the cessation of in vivo T cell expansion coincides with bacterial clearance in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes, closer analysis suggests that control of T cell expansion and contraction is more complex. In this report, we show that the magnitude and kinetics of Ag-specific T cell responses are determined during the first day of bacterial infection. Expansion of Ag-specific T lymphocyte populations and generation of T cell memory are independent of the duration and severity of in vivo bacterial infection. Our studies indicate that the Ag-specific T cell response to L. monocytogenes is programmed before the peak of the innate inflammatory response and in vivo bacterial replication.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
D. M. Andrews, C. E. Andoniou, P. Fleming, M. J. Smyth, and M. A. Degli-Esposti The Early Kinetics of Cytomegalovirus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Are Not Affected by Antigen Load or the Absence of Perforin or Gamma Interferon J. Virol., May 15, 2008; 82(10): 4931 - 4937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. K. Whitmire, N. Benning, B. Eam, and J. L. Whitton Increasing the CD4+ T Cell Precursor Frequency Leads to Competition for IFN-{gamma} Thereby Degrading Memory Cell Quantity and Quality J. Immunol., May 15, 2008; 180(10): 6777 - 6785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Usharauli and T. Kamala Brief Antigenic Stimulation Generates Effector CD8 T Cells with Low Cytotoxic Activity and High IL-2 Production J. Immunol., April 1, 2008; 180(7): 4507 - 4513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Smithey, S. Brandt, N. E. Freitag, D. E. Higgins, and H. G. A. Bouwer Stimulation of Enhanced CD8 T Cell Responses Following Immunization with a Hyper-Antigen Secreting Intracytosolic Bacterial Pathogen J. Immunol., March 1, 2008; 180(5): 3406 - 3416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Shaulov and K. Murali-Krishna CD8 T Cell Expansion and Memory Differentiation Are Facilitated by Simultaneous and Sustained Exposure to Antigenic and Inflammatory Milieu J. Immunol., January 15, 2008; 180(2): 1131 - 1138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Yarke, S. L. Dalheimer, N. Zhang, D. M. Catron, M. K. Jenkins, and D. L. Mueller Proliferating CD4+ T Cells Undergo Immediate Growth Arrest upon Cessation of TCR Signaling In Vivo J. Immunol., January 1, 2008; 180(1): 156 - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Novy, M. Quigley, X. Huang, and Y. Yang CD4 T Cells Are Required for CD8 T Cell Survival during Both Primary and Memory Recall Responses J. Immunol., December 15, 2007; 179(12): 8243 - 8251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. N. Radcliffe, J. S. Roddick, F. K. Stevenson, and S. M. Thirdborough Prolonged Antigen Expression following DNA Vaccination Impairs Effector CD8+ T Cell Function and Memory Development J. Immunol., December 15, 2007; 179(12): 8313 - 8321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Yang, E. M. Wall, K. Milne, P. Theiss, P. Watson, and B. H. Nelson CD8+ T Cells Induce Complete Regression of Advanced Ovarian Cancers by an Interleukin (IL)-2/IL-15 Dependent Mechanism Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2007; 13(23): 7172 - 7180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A.-H. Hovav, M. W. Panas, S. Rahman, P. Sircar, G. Gillard, M. J. Cayabyab, and N. L. Letvin Duration of Antigen Expression In Vivo following DNA Immunization Modifies the Magnitude, Contraction, and Secondary Responses of CD8+ T Lymphocytes J. Immunol., November 15, 2007; 179(10): 6725 - 6733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Bourges, Y. Zhan, J. L. Brady, H. Braley, I. Caminschi, S. Prato, J. A. Villadangos, and A. M. Lew Targeting the Gut Vascular Endothelium Induces Gut Effector CD8 T Cell Responses Via Cross-Presentation by Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., November 1, 2007; 179(9): 5678 - 5685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Aneja, V. Kalia, R. Ahmed, and H. C. Joshi Nonimmunosuppressive chemotherapy: EM011-treated mice mount normal T-cell responses to an acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection Mol. Cancer Ther., November 1, 2007; 6(11): 2891 - 2899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. V. Ganusov Discriminating between Different Pathways of Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation J. Immunol., October 15, 2007; 179(8): 5006 - 5013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. S. Biswas, V. Pedicord, A. Ploss, E. Menet, I. Leiner, and E. G. Pamer Pathogen-Specific CD8 T Cell Responses Are Directly Inhibited by IL-10 J. Immunol., October 1, 2007; 179(7): 4520 - 4528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Blair and L. Lefrancois Increased competition for antigen during priming negatively impacts the generation of memory CD4 T cells PNAS, September 18, 2007; 104(38): 15045 - 15050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. K. McKinstry, S. Golech, W.-H. Lee, G. Huston, N.-P. Weng, and S. L. Swain Rapid default transition of CD4 T cell effectors to functional memory cells J. Exp. Med., September 3, 2007; 204(9): 2199 - 2211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. L. Althaus, V. V. Ganusov, and R. J. De Boer Dynamics of CD8+ T Cell Responses during Acute and Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection J. Immunol., September 1, 2007; 179(5): 2944 - 2951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Hara, I. Kawamura, T. Nomura, T. Tominaga, K. Tsuchiya, and M. Mitsuyama Cytolysin-Dependent Escape of the Bacterium from the Phagosome Is Required but Not Sufficient for Induction of the Th1 Immune Response against Listeria monocytogenes Infection: Distinct Role of Listeriolysin O Determined by Cytolysin Gene Replacement Infect. Immun., August 1, 2007; 75(8): 3791 - 3801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. P. Badovinac and J. T. Harty Manipulating the Rate of Memory CD8+ T Cell Generation after Acute Infection J. Immunol., July 1, 2007; 179(1): 53 - 63. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. S. Russell, M. Iskandar, O. L. Mykytczuk, J. H. E. Nash, L. Krishnan, and S. Sad A Reduced Antigen Load In Vivo, Rather Than Weak Inflammation, Causes a Substantial Delay in CD8+ T Cell Priming against Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) J. Immunol., July 1, 2007; 179(1): 211 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Deol, D. M. W. Zaiss, J. J. Monaco, and A. J. A. M. Sijts Rates of Processing Determine the Immunogenicity of Immunoproteasome-Generated Epitopes J. Immunol., June 15, 2007; 178(12): 7557 - 7562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. P. Andrews, C. D. Pack, V. Vezys, G. N. Barber, and A. E. Lukacher Early Virus-Associated Bystander Events Affect the Fitness of the CD8 T Cell Response to Persistent Virus Infection J. Immunol., June 1, 2007; 178(11): 7267 - 7275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K.-J. Puan, C. Jin, H. Wang, G. Sarikonda, A. M. Raker, H. K. Lee, M. I. Samuelson, E. Marker-Hermann, L. Pasa-Tolic, E. Nieves, et al. Preferential recognition of a microbial metabolite by human V{gamma}2V{delta}2 T cells Int. Immunol., May 1, 2007; 19(5): 657 - 673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. T. Emeny, D. Gao, and D. A. Lawrence beta1-Adrenergic Receptors on Immune Cells Impair Innate Defenses against Listeria J. Immunol., April 15, 2007; 178(8): 4876 - 4884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Li, H. Yamada, T. Yajima, R. Nakagawa, K. Shimoda, K. Nakayama, and Y. Yoshikai Tyk2 Signaling in Host Environment Plays an Important Role in Contraction of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells following a Microbial Infection J. Immunol., April 1, 2007; 178(7): 4482 - 4488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. S. Way, C. Havenar-Daughton, G. A. Kolumam, N. N. Orgun, and K. Murali-Krishna IL-12 and Type-I IFN Synergize for IFN-{gamma} Production by CD4 T Cells, Whereas Neither Are Required for IFN-{gamma} Production by CD8 T Cells after Listeria monocytogenes Infection J. Immunol., April 1, 2007; 178(7): 4498 - 4505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. L. Turner, L. S. Cauley, K. M. Khanna, and L. Lefrancois Persistent Antigen Presentation after Acute Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection J. Virol., February 15, 2007; 81(4): 2039 - 2046. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Chiu, A. G. Heaps, V. Cerundolo, A. J. McMichael, C. R. Bangham, and M. F. C. Callan Early acquisition of cytolytic function and transcriptional changes in a primary CD8+ T-cell response in vivo Blood, February 1, 2007; 109(3): 1086 - 1094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S.-A. Younes, L. Trautmann, B. Yassine-Diab, L. H. Kalfayan, A.-E. Kernaleguen, T. O. Cameron, R. Boulassel, L. J. Stern, J.-P. Routy, Z. Grossman, et al. The Duration of Exposure to HIV Modulates the Breadth and the Magnitude of HIV-Specific Memory CD4+ T Cells J. Immunol., January 15, 2007; 178(2): 788 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. A. Brehm, J. Mangada, T. G. Markees, T. Pearson, K. A. Daniels, T. B. Thornley, R. M. Welsh, A. A. Rossini, and D. L. Greiner Rapid quantification of naive alloreactive T cells by TNF-{alpha} production and correlation with allograft rejection in mice Blood, January 15, 2007; 109(2): 819 - 826. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Haring and J. T. Harty Aberrant Contraction of Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells after Infection in the Absence of Gamma Interferon or Its Receptor Infect. Immun., November 1, 2006; 74(11): 6252 - 6263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Li, X. Zhao, C. Zhou, B. Gu, and F. R. Frankel A truncated Bacillus subtilis dal gene with a 3' ssrA gene tag regulates the growth and virulence of racemase-deficient Listeria monocytogenes. Microbiology, October 1, 2006; 152(Pt 10): 3091 - 3102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. C. Sun, S. M. Lehar, and M. J. Bevan Augmented IL-7 Signaling during Viral Infection Drives Greater Expansion of Effector T Cells but Does Not Enhance Memory J. Immunol., October 1, 2006; 177(7): 4458 - 4463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Prlic, G. Hernandez-Hoyos, and M. J. Bevan Duration of the initial TCR stimulus controls the magnitude but not functionality of the CD8+ T cell response J. Exp. Med., September 4, 2006; 203(9): 2135 - 2143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Jabbari, K. L. Legge, and J. T. Harty T cell conditioning explains early disappearance of the memory CD8 T cell response to infection. J. Immunol., September 1, 2006; 177(5): 3012 - 3018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. E. Foulds, M. J. Rotte, and R. A. Seder IL-10 Is Required for Optimal CD8 T Cell Memory following Listeria monocytogenes Infection J. Immunol., August 15, 2006; 177(4): 2565 - 2574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. A. Luu, K. Gurnani, R. Dudani, R. Kammara, H. van Faassen, J.-C. Sirard, L. Krishnan, and S. Sad Delayed Expansion and Contraction of CD8+ T Cell Response during Infection with Virulent Salmonella typhimurium J. Immunol., August 1, 2006; 177(3): 1516 - 1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. P. Badovinac, K. A. N. Messingham, T. S. Griffith, and J. T. Harty TRAIL Deficiency Delays, but Does Not Prevent, Erosion in the Quality of "Helpless" Memory CD8 T Cells J. Immunol., July 15, 2006; 177(2): 999 - 1006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. I. M. Loeffler, C. U. Schoen, W. Goebel, and S. Pilgrim Comparison of Different Live Vaccine Strategies In Vivo for Delivery of Protein Antigen or Antigen-Encoding DNA and mRNA by Virulence-Attenuated Listeria monocytogenes Infect. Immun., July 1, 2006; 74(7): 3946 - 3957. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Jabbari and J. T. Harty The generation and modulation of antigen-specific memory CD8 T cell responses J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2006; 80(1): 16 - 23. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. B. Porter and J. T. Harty The Onset of CD8+-T-Cell Contraction Is Influenced by the Peak of Listeria monocytogenes Infection and Antigen Display Infect. Immun., March 1, 2006; 74(3): 1528 - 1536. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Xu, T. Chun, H.-J. Choi, B. Wang, and C.-R. Wang Impaired response to Listeria in H2-M3-deficient mice reveals a nonredundant role of MHC class Ib-specific T cells in host defense J. Exp. Med., February 21, 2006; 203(2): 449 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
O. Sercan, G. J. Hammerling, B. Arnold, and T. Schuler Cutting Edge: Innate Immune Cells Contribute to the IFN-{gamma}-Dependent Regulation of Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cell Homeostasis J. Immunol., January 15, 2006; 176(2): 735 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T.-C. Yang, J. Millar, T. Groves, N. Grinshtein, R. Parsons, S. Takenaka, Y. Wan, and J. L. Bramson The CD8+ T Cell Population Elicited by Recombinant Adenovirus Displays a Novel Partially Exhausted Phenotype Associated with Prolonged Antigen Presentation That Nonetheless Provides Long-Term Immunity J. Immunol., January 1, 2006; 176(1): 200 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. K. Whitmire, N. Benning, and J. L. Whitton Cutting Edge: Early IFN-{gamma} Signaling Directly Enhances Primary Antiviral CD4+ T Cell Responses J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5624 - 5628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. M. Keating, P. Bejon, T. Berthoud, J. M. Vuola, S. Todryk, D. P. Webster, S. J. Dunachie, V. S. Moorthy, S. J. McConkey, S. C. Gilbert, et al. Durable Human Memory T Cells Quantifiable by Cultured Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assays Are Induced by Heterologous Prime Boost Immunization and Correlate with Protection against Malaria J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5675 - 5680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Ploss, I. Leiner, and E. G. Pamer Distinct Regulation of H2-M3-Restricted Memory T Cell Responses in Lymph Node and Spleen J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5998 - 6005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Zakharova and H. K. Ziegler Paradoxical Anti-Inflammatory Actions of TNF-{alpha}: Inhibition of IL-12 and IL-23 via TNF Receptor 1 in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 5024 - 5033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. A. Brehm, K. A. Daniels, and R. M. Welsh Rapid Production of TNF-{alpha} following TCR Engagement of Naive CD8 T Cells J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 5043 - 5049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Curtsinger, D. C. Lins, C. M. Johnson, and M. F. Mescher Signal 3 Tolerant CD8 T Cells Degranulate in Response to Antigen but Lack Granzyme B to Mediate Cytolysis J. Immunol., October 1, 2005; 175(7): 4392 - 4399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Z. Li, X. Zhao, D. E. Higgins, and F. R. Frankel Conditional Lethality Yields a New Vaccine Strain of Listeria monocytogenes for the Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity Infect. Immun., August 1, 2005; 73(8): 5065 - 5073. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Otahal, S. C. Hutchinson, L. M. Mylin, M. J. Tevethia, S. S. Tevethia, and T. D. Schell Inefficient Cross-Presentation Limits the CD8+ T Cell Response to a Subdominant Tumor Antigen Epitope J. Immunol., July 15, 2005; 175(2): 700 - 712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. K. Nussbaum, M. P. Rodriguez-Carreno, N. Benning, J. Botten, and J. L. Whitton Immunoproteasome-Deficient Mice Mount Largely Normal CD8+ T Cell Responses to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection and DNA Vaccination J. Immunol., July 15, 2005; 175(2): 1153 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Haring, G. A. Corbin, and J. T. Harty Dynamic Regulation of IFN-{gamma} Signaling in Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells Responding to Infection J. Immunol., June 1, 2005; 174(11): 6791 - 6802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Obst, H.-M. van Santen, D. Mathis, and C. Benoist Antigen persistence is required throughout the expansion phase of a CD4+ T cell response J. Exp. Med., May 16, 2005; 201(10): 1555 - 1565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Irons, P. Pinge-Filho, and K. L. Fritsche Dietary (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Do Not Affect the In Vivo Development and Function of Listeria-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ Effector and Memory/Effector T Cells in Mice J. Nutr., May 1, 2005; 135(5): 1151 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. K. Whitmire, J. T. Tan, and J. L. Whitton Interferon-{gamma} acts directly on CD8+ T cells to increase their abundance during virus infection J. Exp. Med., April 4, 2005; 201(7): 1053 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. G. Kitchen, J. K. Whitmire, N. R. Jones, Z. Galic, C. M. R. Kitchen, R. Ahmed, and J. A. Zack The CD4 molecule on CD8+ T lymphocytes directly enhances the immune response to viral and cellular antigens PNAS, March 8, 2005; 102(10): 3794 - 3799. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. K. Sambandamurthy, S. C. Derrick, K. V. Jalapathy, B. Chen, R. G. Russell, S. L. Morris, and W. R. Jacobs Jr. Long-Term Protection against Tuberculosis following Vaccination with a Severely Attenuated Double Lysine and Pantothenate Auxotroph of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infect. Immun., February 1, 2005; 73(2): 1196 - 1203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Maile, C. A. Siler, S. E. Kerry, K. E. Midkiff, E. J. Collins, and J. A. Frelinger Peripheral "CD8 Tuning" Dynamically Modulates the Size and Responsiveness of an Antigen-Specific T Cell Pool In Vivo J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 619 - 627. [Abstract] [Full Text] |