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Comparative Ability of Qdm/Qa-1^b, K^b, and D^b to Protect Class I^low Cells from NK-Mediated Lysis In Vivo¹

Center for Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390

The class Ib molecule Qa-1^b binds the class Ia leader peptide, Qdm, which reacts with CD94/NKG2R on NK cells. We have generated a gene that encodes the Qdm peptide covalently attached to ₂-microglobulin (₂M) by a flexible linker (Qa-1 determinant modifier (Qdm)-₂M). When this construct is expressed in TAP-2^- or ₂M^- cells, it allows for the expression of a Qdm-₂M protein that associates with Qa-1^b to generate the Qdm epitope, as detected by Qdm/Qa-1^b-specific CTL. To test the biological significance of expression of this engineered molecule, we injected TAP-2^- RMAS-Qdm-₂M cells into C57BL/6 mice and measured their NK cell-mediated clearance from the lungs at 2 h. RMAS cells transfected with Qdm-₂M were resistant to lung clearance, similar to RMA cells or RMAS cells in anti-asialo-GM₁-treated mice, while untransfected or ₂M-transfected RMAS cells were rapidly cleared. Further, pulsing RMAS cells with either Qdm, a K^b-, or D^b-binding peptide showed equivalent protection from clearance, indicating that a single class Ia or Ib molecule can afford complete protection from NK cells in this system. In contrast, injection of RMAS cells into DBA/2 animals, which express low levels of receptors for Qdm/Qa-1^b, resulted in protection from lung clearance if pulsed with a K^b- or D^b-binding peptide, but not the Qa-1^b-binding peptide, Qdm.

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