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The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 165: 6037-6046.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Association of Immunologists

BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4: Three Markers for Distinct Subsets of Dendritic Cells in Human Peripheral Blood

Andrzej Dzionek*, Anja Fuchs*, Petra Schmidt*, Sabine Cremer*, Monika Zysk*, Stefan Miltenyi*, David W. Buck{dagger} and Jürgen Schmitz1,*

* Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany; and {dagger} AmCell Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94089

We have generated a panel of mAbs that identify three presumably novel human dendritic cell Ags: BDCA-2, BDCA-3, and BDCA-4. In blood, BDCA-2 and BDCA-4 are expressed on CD11c- CD123bright plasmacytoid dendritic cells, whereas BDCA-3 is expressed on small population of CD11c+ CD123- dendritic cells. All three Ags are not detectable on a third blood dendritic cell population, which is CD1c+ CD11cbright CD123dim, or on any other cells in blood. BDCA-4 is also expressed on monocyte-derived and CD34+ cell-derived dendritic cells. Expression of all three Ags dramatically changes once blood dendritic cells undergo in vitro maturation. BDCA-2 is completely down-regulated on plasmacytoid CD11c- CD123bright dendritic cells, expression of BDCA-3 is up-regulated on both plasmacytoid CD11c- CD123bright dendritic cells and CD1c+ CD11cbright CD123dim dendritic cells, and expression of BDCA-4 is up-regulated on CD1c+ CD11cbright CD123dim dendritic cells. BDCA-2 is rapidly internalized at 37°C after mAb labeling. The three presumably novel Ags serve as specific markers for the respective subpopulations of blood dendritic cells in fresh blood and will be of great value for their further analysis and to evaluate their therapeutic potential.




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Impaired maturation and altered regulatory function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis
Brain, May 1, 2006; 129(5): 1293 - 1305.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
J. Zhang, A. Raper, N. Sugita, R. Hingorani, M. Salio, M. J. Palmowski, V. Cerundolo, and P. R. Crocker
Characterization of Siglec-H as a novel endocytic receptor expressed on murine plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors
Blood, May 1, 2006; 107(9): 3600 - 3608.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am J Trop Med HygHome page
B. C. URBAN, M. J. SHAFI, D. V. CORDERY, A. MACHARIA, B. LOWE, K. MARSH, and T. N. WILLIAMS
FREQUENCIES OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD MYELOID CELLS IN HEALTHY KENYAN CHILDREN WITH {alpha}+ THALASSEMIA AND THE SICKLE CELL TRAIT
Am J Trop Med Hyg, April 1, 2006; 74(4): 578 - 584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
T. M. C. Hornell, T. Burster, F. L. Jahnsen, A. Pashine, M. T. Ochoa, J. J. Harding, C. Macaubas, A. W. Lee, R. L. Modlin, and E. D. Mellins
Human Dendritic Cell Expression of HLA-DO Is Subset Specific and Regulated by Maturation
J. Immunol., March 15, 2006; 176(6): 3536 - 3547.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
A. Granelli-Piperno, I. Shimeliovich, M. Pack, C. Trumpfheller, and R. M. Steinman
HIV-1 Selectively Infects a Subset of Nonmaturing BDCA1-Positive Dendritic Cells in Human Blood
J. Immunol., January 15, 2006; 176(2): 991 - 998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
J.-J. Goval, R. Greimers, J. Boniver, and L. de Leval
Germinal Center Dendritic Cells Express More ICAM-1 Than Extrafollicular Dendritic Cells and ICAM-1/LFA-1 Interactions are Involved in the Capacity of Dendritic Cells to Induce PBMCs Proliferation
J. Histochem. Cytochem., January 1, 2006; 54(1): 75 - 84.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 IOVSHome page
S. Yamagami, S. Yokoo, T. Usui, H. Yamagami, S. Amano, and N. Ebihara
Distinct Populations of Dendritic Cells in the Normal Human Donor Corneal Epithelium
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., December 1, 2005; 46(12): 4489 - 4494.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
R. Zambello, T. Berno, G. Cannas, I. Baesso, G. Binotto, E. Bonoldi, P. Bevilacqua, M. Miorin, M. Facco, L. Trentin, et al.
Phenotypic and functional analyses of dendritic cells in patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL)
Blood, December 1, 2005; 106(12): 3926 - 3931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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G. Penna, A. Roncari, S. Amuchastegui, K. C. Daniel, E. Berti, M. Colonna, and L. Adorini
Expression of the inhibitory receptor ILT3 on dendritic cells is dispensable for induction of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
Blood, November 15, 2005; 106(10): 3490 - 3497.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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T. Burster, A. Beck, E. Tolosa, P. Schnorrer, R. Weissert, M. Reich, M. Kraus, H. Kalbacher, H.-U. Haring, E. Weber, et al.
Differential Processing of Autoantigens in Lysosomes from Human Monocyte-Derived and Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., November 1, 2005; 175(9): 5940 - 5949.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
M. Lindstedt, K. Lundberg, and C. A. K. Borrebaeck
Gene Family Clustering Identifies Functionally Associated Subsets of Human In Vivo Blood and Tonsillar Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., October 15, 2005; 175(8): 4839 - 4846.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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A. Granelli-Piperno, A. Pritsker, M. Pack, I. Shimeliovich, J.-F. Arrighi, C. G. Park, C. Trumpfheller, V. Piguet, T. M. Moran, and R. M. Steinman
Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3-Grabbing Nonintegrin/CD209 Is Abundant on Macrophages in the Normal Human Lymph Node and Is Not Required for Dendritic Cell Stimulation of the Mixed Leukocyte Reaction
J. Immunol., October 1, 2005; 175(7): 4265 - 4273.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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D. McIlroy, S. Tanguy-Royer, N. Le Meur, I. Guisle, P.-J. Royer, J. Leger, K. Meflah, and M. Gregoire
Profiling dendritic cell maturation with dedicated microarrays
J. Leukoc. Biol., September 1, 2005; 78(3): 794 - 803.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
K. Vermaelen and R. Pauwels
Pulmonary Dendritic Cells
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2005; 172(5): 530 - 551.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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M. Rossi and J. W. Young
Human Dendritic Cells: Potent Antigen-Presenting Cells at the Crossroads of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
J. Immunol., August 1, 2005; 175(3): 1373 - 1381.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
L. S. Brackenbury, B. V. Carr, Z. Stamataki, H. Prentice, E. A. Lefevre, C. J. Howard, and B. Charleston
Identification of a Cell Population That Produces Alpha/Beta Interferon In Vitro and In Vivo in Response to Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
J. Virol., June 15, 2005; 79(12): 7738 - 7744.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
S. Patterson, H. Donaghy, P. Amjadi, B. Gazzard, F. Gotch, and P. Kelleher
Human BDCA-1-Positive Blood Dendritic Cells Differentiate into Phenotypically Distinct Immature and Mature Populations in the Absence of Exogenous Maturational Stimuli: Differentiation Failure in HIV Infection
J. Immunol., June 15, 2005; 174(12): 8200 - 8209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
L. Galibert, G. S. Diemer, Z. Liu, R. S. Johnson, J. L. Smith, T. Walzer, M. R. Comeau, C. T. Rauch, M. F. Wolfson, R. A. Sorensen, et al.
Nectin-like Protein 2 Defines a Subset of T-cell Zone Dendritic Cells and Is a Ligand for Class-I-restricted T-cell-associated Molecule
J. Biol. Chem., June 10, 2005; 280(23): 21955 - 21964.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
R. Pelayo, J. Hirose, J. Huang, K. P. Garrett, A. Delogu, M. Busslinger, and P. W. Kincade
Derivation of 2 categories of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in murine bone marrow
Blood, June 1, 2005; 105(11): 4407 - 4415.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Virol.Home page
K. B. Gurney, J. Elliott, H. Nassanian, C. Song, E. Soilleux, I. McGowan, P. A. Anton, and B. Lee
Binding and Transfer of Human Immunodeficiency Virus by DC-SIGN+ Cells in Human Rectal Mucosa
J. Virol., May 1, 2005; 79(9): 5762 - 5773.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
J. Dalgaard, K. J. Beckstrom, F. L. Jahnsen, and J. E. Brinchmann
Differential capability for phagocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic leukemia cells by human peripheral blood dendritic cell subsets
J. Leukoc. Biol., May 1, 2005; 77(5): 689 - 698.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
N. Toyama-Sorimachi, Y. Omatsu, A. Onoda, Y. Tsujimura, T. Iyoda, A. Kikuchi-Maki, H. Sorimachi, T. Dohi, S. Taki, K. Inaba, et al.
Inhibitory NK Receptor Ly49Q Is Expressed on Subsets of Dendritic Cells in a Cellular Maturation- and Cytokine Stimulation-Dependent Manner
J. Immunol., April 15, 2005; 174(8): 4621 - 4629.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
B. Drenou, L. Amiot, N. Setterblad, S. Taque, V. Guilloux, D. Charron, R. Fauchet, and N. Mooney
MHC class II signaling function is regulated during maturation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., April 1, 2005; 77(4): 560 - 567.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 CVIHome page
E. Chung, S. B. Amrute, K. Abel, G. Gupta, Y. Wang, C. J. Miller, and P. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
Characterization of Virus-Responsive Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in the Rhesus Macaque
Clin. Vaccine Immunol., March 1, 2005; 12(3): 426 - 435.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Bio.Home page
I. K. Demedts, G. G. Brusselle, K. Y. Vermaelen, and R. A. Pauwels
Identification and Characterization of Human Pulmonary Dendritic Cells
Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., March 1, 2005; 32(3): 177 - 184.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 JEMHome page
W. Vermi, E. Riboldi, V. Wittamer, F. Gentili, W. Luini, S. Marrelli, A. Vecchi, J.-D. Franssen, D. Communi, L. Massardi, et al.
Role of ChemR23 in directing the migration of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells to lymphoid organs and inflamed skin
J. Exp. Med., February 22, 2005; 201(4): 509 - 515.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
S. Aggarwal and M. F. Pittenger
Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses
Blood, February 15, 2005; 105(4): 1815 - 1822.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 GutHome page
D C Baumgart, D Metzke, J Schmitz, A Scheffold, A Sturm, B Wiedenmann, and A U Dignass
Patients with active inflammatory bowel disease lack immature peripheral blood plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells
Gut, February 1, 2005; 54(2): 228 - 236.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Stem CellsHome page
P. D. Cravens, M. W. Melkus, A. Padgett-Thomas, M. Islas-Ohlmayer, M. del P. Martin, and J. V. Garcia
Development and Activation of Human Dendritic Cells In Vivo in a Xenograft Model of Human Hematopoiesis
Stem Cells, February 1, 2005; 23(2): 264 - 278.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
F. Garnache-Ottou, L. Chaperot, S. Biichle, C. Ferrand, J.-P. Remy-Martin, E. Deconinck, P. D. de Tailly, B. Bulabois, J. Poulet, E. Kuhlein, et al.
Expression of the myeloid-associated marker CD33 is not an exclusive factor for leukemic plasmacytoid dendritic cells
Blood, February 1, 2005; 105(3): 1256 - 1264.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
L. Broderick, S. J. Yokota, J. Reineke, E. Mathiowitz, C. C. Stewart, M. Barcos, R. J. Kelleher Jr., and R. B. Bankert
Human CD4+ Effector Memory T Cells Persisting in the Microenvironment of Lung Cancer Xenografts Are Activated by Local Delivery of IL-12 to Proliferate, Produce IFN-{gamma}, and Eradicate Tumor Cells
J. Immunol., January 15, 2005; 174(2): 898 - 906.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
B. A. Zabel, A. M. Silverio, and E. C. Butcher
Chemokine-Like Receptor 1 Expression and Chemerin-Directed Chemotaxis Distinguish Plasmacytoid from Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Human Blood
J. Immunol., January 1, 2005; 174(1): 244 - 251.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
G. Le Friec, F. Gros, Y. Sebti, V. Guilloux, C. Pangault, R. Fauchet, and L. Amiot
Capacity of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells especially at mature stage to express and secrete HLA-G molecules
J. Leukoc. Biol., December 1, 2004; 76(6): 1125 - 1133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
S. Beckebaum, X. Zhang, X. Chen, Z. Yu, A. Frilling, G. Dworacki, H. Grosse-Wilde, C. E. Broelsch, G. Gerken, and V. R. Cicinnati
Increased Levels of Interleukin-10 in Serum from Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Correlate with Profound Numerical Deficiencies and Immature Phenotype of Circulating Dendritic Cell Subsets
Clin. Cancer Res., November 1, 2004; 10(21): 7260 - 7269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
R. Lande, E. Giacomini, B. Serafini, B. Rosicarelli, G. D. Sebastiani, G. Minisola, U. Tarantino, V. Riccieri, G. Valesini, and E. M. Coccia
Characterization and Recruitment of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Synovial Fluid and Tissue of Patients with Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis
J. Immunol., August 15, 2004; 173(4): 2815 - 2824.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Immunol.Home page
J. Dai, N. J. Megjugorac, S. B. Amrute, and P. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
Regulation of IFN Regulatory Factor-7 and IFN-{alpha} Production by Enveloped Virus and Lipopolysaccharide in Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
J. Immunol., August 1, 2004; 173(3): 1535 - 1548.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
M. Mohty, E. Jourdan, N. B. Mami, N. Vey, G. Damaj, D. Blaise, D. Isnardon, D. Olive, and B. Gaugler
Imatinib and plasmacytoid dendritic cell function in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia
Blood, June 15, 2004; 103(12): 4666 - 4668.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ScienceHome page
F. Heil, H. Hemmi, H. Hochrein, F. Ampenberger, C. Kirschning, S. Akira, G. Lipford, H. Wagner, and S. Bauer
Species-Specific Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8
Science, March 5, 2004; 303(5663): 1526 - 1529.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 J. Leukoc. Biol.Home page
N. J. Megjugorac, H. A. Young, S. B. Amrute, S. L. Olshalsky, and P. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly
Virally stimulated plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce chemokines and induce migration of T and NK cells
J. Leukoc. Biol., March 1, 2004; 75(3): 504 - 514.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 BloodHome page
A. Kaser, S. Kaser, N. C. Kaneider, B. Enrich, C. J. Wiedermann, and H. Tilg
Interleukin-18 attracts plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DC2s) and promotes Th1 induction by DC2s through IL-18 receptor expression
Blood, January 15, 2004; 103(2): 648 - 655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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