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*
Laboratory of Host Defense and Germfree Life, Research Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; and
Department of Oral Microbiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of mammalian
homologues of Drosophila Toll and play important roles
in host defense. Two of the TLRs, TLR2 and TLR4, mediate the
responsiveness to LPS. Here the gene expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was
analyzed in mouse macrophages. Mouse splenic macrophages responded to
an intraperitoneal injection or in vitro treatment of LPS by increased
gene expression of TLR2, but not TLR4. Treatment of a mouse macrophage
cell line with LPS, synthetic lipid A, IL-2, IL-15, IL-1
, IFN-
,
or TNF-
significantly increased TLR2 mRNA expression, whereas TLR4
mRNA expression remained constant. TLR2 mRNA increase in response to
synthetic lipid A was severely impaired in splenic macrophages isolated
from TLR4-mutated C3H/HeJ mice, suggesting that TLR4 plays an essential
role in the process. Specific inhibitors of mitogen-activated
protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase and p38 kinase did
not significantly inhibit TLR2 mRNA up-regulation by LPS. In contrast,
LPS-mediated TLR2 mRNA induction was abrogated by pretreatment with a
high concentration of curcumin, suggesting that NF-
B activation may
be essential for the process. Taken together, our results indicate that
TLR2, in contrast to TLR4, can be induced in macrophages in response to
bacterial infections and may accelerate the innate immunity against
pathogens.
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