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in the Inflammatory Component of Allergic Airway Disease
Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139.
Stromal cell-derived factor-1
/ß (SDF-1/ß) is
phylogenetically a primitive chemokine widely expressed in a variety of
tissues and cell types. This expression is detectable in the absence of
stimuli provided by bacterial or viral infections and allergic or
autoimmune disorders. Based on these and other findings, SDF-1 has
not been considered an inflammatory chemokine, but, rather, has been
believed to be involved in certain homeostatic processes, such as
leukocyte recirculation. SDF-1 is a potent chemoattractant for
lymphocytes and monocytes that mediates its activity via the chemokine
receptor CXCR4. Study of the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in vivo during
inflammation has been limited by the fact that transgenic mice that
have been made deficient in either molecule die early in life due to
developmental defects. The present study was aimed at evaluating the
functional relevance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis during an inflammatory
process. Neutralizing Abs to CXCR4 reduced lung eosinophilia
(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and interstitium) by half, indicating
that CXCR4-mediated signals contribute to lung inflammation in a mouse
model of allergic airway disease (AAD). This reduction in inflammation
was accompanied by a significant decrease in airway
hyper-responsiveness. SDF-1 neutralization resulted in similar
reduction in both lung allergic inflammation and airway
hyper-responsiveness. Retroviral delivery of a CXCR4 cDNA to leukocytes
resulted in greater inflammation when transduced mice were subjected to
a mouse model of AAD. These results highlight that, although considered
a noninflammatory axis, the involvement of CXCR4 and SDF-1 is
critical during AAD, and this receptor and its ligand are potentially
relevant in other inflammatory processes.
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