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Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
IL-4 levels were modulated in mice to test the hypothesis that
induction of a maternal type 1 response would decrease the frequency of
congenital Neospora caninum transmission. This
hypothesis tested the relationship between IL-4 and both innate and
adaptive immunity utilizing two basic experimental designs. In the
first, maternal IL-4 was neutralized with mAb during pregnancy in naive
mice concomitant with initial, virulent infection. In the second,
maternal IL-4 was neutralized before pregnancy concomitant with a
priming inoculation consisting of live, avirulent N.
caninum tachyzoites followed by virulent challenge during
subsequent gestation. In mice that were naive before pregnancy,
neutralization of IL-4 during gestational challenge did not result in
decreased congenital transmission as measured by PCR performed on
1-day-old neonatal mice. In mice that were primed and modulated before
pregnancy, congenital transmission from gestational challenge was
significantly decreased compared with control mice. Reduction in
transmission constituted a decrease in the numbers of mice transmitting
N. caninum and a lower frequency of transmission by
individual dams (p < 0.05). Decreased congenital
transmission was associated with significantly lower levels of maternal
splenocyte IL-4 secretion, lower IL-4 mRNA levels, and higher levels of
IFN-
secretion. Protected mice had significantly decreased
Neospora-specific IgG1 compared with nonmodulated mice.
These studies define a relationship between maternal Ag-specific
immunity and the frequency of congenital transmission and demonstrate
that modulation of type 2 cytokine responses can change the frequency
of congenital protozoal transmission.
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  W. Tuo, R. Fetterer, M. Jenkins, and J. P. Dubey Identification and Characterization of Neospora caninum Cyclophilin That Elicits Gamma Interferon Production Infect. Immun., August 1, 2005; 73(8): 5093 - 5100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. V. Baszler, T. F. McElwain, and B. A. Mathison Immunization of BALB/c Mice with Killed Neospora caninum Tachyzoite Antigen Induces a Type 2 Immune Response and Exacerbates Encephalitis and Neurological Disease Clin. Vaccine Immunol., November 1, 2000; 7(6): 893 - 898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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