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The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research and
Department of Pathology and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905;
§
Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801;
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Genetics Institute, Cambridge, MA 02140; and
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National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
CTLA-4 (CD152) engagement can down-regulate T cell activation and
promote the induction of immune tolerance. However, the strategy of
attenuating T cell activation by engaging CTLA-4 has been limited by
sharing of its natural ligands with the costimulatory protein CD28. In
the present study, a CTLA-4-specific single-chain Ab (scFv) was
developed and expressed on the cell surface to promote selective
engagement of this regulatory molecule. Transfectants expressing
anti-CTLA-4 scFv at their surface bound soluble CTLA-4 but not
soluble CD28. Coexpression of anti-CTLA-4 scFv with anti-CD3
and anti-CD28 scFvs on artificial APCs reduced the proliferation
and IL-2 production by resting and preactivated bulk T cells as well as
CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Importantly,
expression of anti-CTLA-4 scFv on the same cell surface as the TCR
ligand was essential for the inhibitory effects of CTLA-4-specific
ligation. CTLA-4-mediated inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of
components of the proximal TCR signaling apparatus was similarly
dependent on coexpression of TCR and CTLA-4 ligands on the same
surface. These findings support a predominant role for CTLA-4 function
in the modification of the proximal TCR signal. Using T cells from
DO11.10 and 2C TCR transgenic mice, negative regulatory effects of
selective CTLA-4 ligation were also demonstrated during the stimulation
of Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by
MHC/peptide complexes. Together these studies demonstrate that
selective ligation of CTLA-4 using a membrane-bound scFv results in
attenuated T cell responses only when coengaged with the TCR during T
cell/APC interaction and define an approach to harnessing the
immunomodulatory potential of CTLA-4-specific
ligation.
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