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Shapes Immune Invasion of the Central Nervous System Via Regulation of Chemokines1
Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Dynamic interplay between cytokines and chemokines directs
trafficking of leukocyte subpopulations to tissues in autoimmune
inflammation. We have examined the role of IFN-
in directing
chemokine production and leukocyte infiltration to the CNS in
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). BALB/c and C57BL/6
mice are resistant to induction of EAE by immunization with myelin
basic protein. However, IFN--deficient (BALB/c) and
IFN-R-deficient (C57BL/6) mice developed rapidly progressing lethal
disease. Widespread demyelination and disseminated leukocytic
infiltration of spinal cord were seen, unlike the focal perivascular
infiltrates in SJL/J mice. Gr-1+ neutrophils predominated
in CNS, and CD4+ T cells with an activated
(CD69+, CD25+) phenotype and eosinophils were
also present. RANTES and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, normally
up-regulated in EAE, were undetectable in IFN-- and
IFN-R-deficient mice. Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and T cell
activation gene-3, both neutrophil-attracting chemokines, were strongly
up-regulated. There was no induction of the Th2 cytokines,
IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13. RNase protection assays and RT-PCR showed the
prevalence of IL-2, IL-3, and IL-15, but no increase in IL-12p40 mRNA
levels in IFN-- or IFN-R-deficient mice with EAE. Lymph node
cells from IFN--deficient mice proliferated in response to myelin
basic protein, whereas BALB/c lymph node cells did not. These findings
show a regulatory role for IFN- in EAE, acting on T cell
proliferation and directing chemokine production, with profound
implications for the onset and progression of
disease.
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S. Yu, G. C. Sharp, and H. Braley-Mullen Dual Roles for IFN-{gamma}, But Not for IL-4, in Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis in NOD.H-2h4 Mice J. Immunol., October 1, 2002; 169(7): 3999 - 4007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Nicolson, S. Freland, C. Weir, B. Delahunt, R. A. Flavell, and B. T. Backstrom Induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the absence of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 Int. Immunol., August 1, 2002; 14(8): 849 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Pewe, J. Haring, and S. Perlman CD4 T-Cell-Mediated Demyelination Is Increased in the Absence of Gamma Interferon in Mice Infected with Mouse Hepatitis Virus J. Virol., June 14, 2002; 76(14): 7329 - 7333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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