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The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 2701-2710.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Association of Immunologists

IFN-{gamma}-Inducing Factor (IL-18) Increases Allergic Sensitization, Serum IgE, Th2 Cytokines, and Airway Eosinophilia in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma1

James S. Wild*, Anastasia Sigounas{dagger}, Nilanjana Sur*, Mohammed S. Siddiqui{dagger}, Rafeul Alam*, Masashi Kurimoto{ddagger} and Sanjiv Sur2,*

* Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; {dagger} Department of Medicine, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC; and {ddagger} Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Labs, Okayama, Japan

We investigated the effects of IFN-{gamma}-inducing factor (IL-18) in a ragweed (RW) mouse model of allergic asthma. Administration of IL-18 in conjunction with allergic sensitization and challenge in wild-type, but not IFN-{gamma} -/- mice, inhibited the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) eosinophilia induced by RW challenge, and increased serum levels of RW-specific IgG2a and production of IFN-{gamma} from splenocytes cultured with RW, indicating a critical role for IFN-{gamma} in mediating these effects. Paradoxically, the same treatment schedule in WT mice increased serum levels of RW-specific IgE and IgG1, and production of IL-4 and IL-5 from splenocytes cultured with RW. When the effects of the same IL-18 treatment schedule were allowed to mature for 3 wk, the inhibition of lung eosinophil recruitment was replaced by augmentation of lung eosinophil recruitment. In another experiment, IL-18 administered only with allergic sensitization increased BAL eosinophilia and lung expression of IL-5 and IFN-{gamma}, while IL-18 administered only with RW challenge decreased BAL eosinophilia and increased lung IFN-{gamma} expression, while lung expression of IL-5 remained unchanged. IL-18 administered without RW or adjuvant to naive mice increased total serum IgE levels. Finally, intrapulmonary administrations of IL-18 plus RW in naive mice dramatically increased Th2 cytokine production, IgE levels, eosinophil recruitment, and airway mucus, demonstrating induction of allergic sensitization. This is the first report demonstrating that IL-18 promotes a Th2 phenotype in vivo, and potently induces allergic sensitization. These results suggest that IL-18 may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.




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