| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Departments of
*
Medicine,
Immunology, and
Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and
§
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern School of Medicine, Dallas, TX 75235
The roles that thymus cytokines might play in regulating thymic
atrophy are not known. Reversing thymic atrophy is important for immune
reconstitution in adults. We have studied cytokine mRNA steady-state
levels in 45 normal human (aged 3 days to 78 years) and 34 myasthenia
gravis thymuses (aged 4 to 75 years) during aging, and correlated
cytokine mRNA levels with thymic signal joint (sj) TCR 
excision
circle (TREC) levels, a molecular marker for active thymopoiesis. LIF,
oncostatin M (OSM), IL-6, M-CSF, and stem cell factor (SCF) mRNA were
elevated in normal and myasthenia gravis-aged thymuses, and correlated
with decreased levels of thymopoiesis, as determined by either
decreased keratin-positive thymic epithelial space or decreased thymic
sjTRECs. IL-7 is a key cytokine required during the early stages of
thymocyte development. Interestingly, IL-7 mRNA expression did not fall
with aging in either normal or myasthenia gravis thymuses. In vivo
administration of LIF, OSM, IL-6, or SCF, but not M-CSF, i.p. to mice
over 3 days induced thymic atrophy with loss of CD4+,
CD8+ cortical thymocytes. Taken together, these data
suggest a role for thymic cytokines in the process of thymic
atrophy.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. P. Wong, Y. Song, V. D. Elias, K. R. Magnusson, and E. Ho Zinc Supplementation Increases Zinc Status and Thymopoiesis in Aged Mice J. Nutr., July 1, 2009; 139(7): 1393 - 1397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Fletcher, N. Seach, J. J. Reiseger, T. E. Lowen, M. V. Hammett, H. S. Scott, and R. L. Boyd Reduced Thymic Aire Expression and Abnormal NF-{kappa}B2 Signaling in a Model of Systemic Autoimmunity J. Immunol., March 1, 2009; 182(5): 2690 - 2699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Gruver and G. D. Sempowski Cytokines, leptin, and stress-induced thymic atrophy J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2008; 84(4): 915 - 923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Hauri-Hohl, S. Zuklys, M. P. Keller, L. T. Jeker, T. Barthlott, A. M. Moon, J. Roes, and G. A. Hollander TGF-{beta} signaling in thymic epithelial cells regulates thymic involution and postirradiation reconstitution Blood, August 1, 2008; 112(3): 626 - 634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Trzonkowski, A. Debska-Slizien, A. Mysliwski, and B. Rutkowski Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin is associated with rejuvenation of CD8+ T cell compartment in chronic renal failure patients Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2007; 22(11): 3221 - 3227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. L. Goldberg, O. Alpdogan, S. J. Muriglan, M. V. Hammett, M. K. Milton, J. M. Eng, V. M. Hubbard, A. Kochman, L. M. Willis, A. S. Greenberg, et al. Enhanced Immune Reconstitution by Sex Steroid Ablation following Allogeneic Hemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation J. Immunol., June 1, 2007; 178(11): 7473 - 7484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. D. Gray, D. Tull, T. Ueno, N. Seach, B. J. Classon, A. Chidgey, M. J. McConville, and R. L. Boyd A Unique Thymic Fibroblast Population Revealed by the Monoclonal Antibody MTS-15 J. Immunol., April 15, 2007; 178(8): 4956 - 4965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Hick, A. L. Gruver, M. S. Ventevogel, B. F. Haynes, and G. D. Sempowski Leptin Selectively Augments Thymopoiesis in Leptin Deficiency and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Thymic Atrophy J. Immunol., July 1, 2006; 177(1): 169 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-O. Jansson, S. Moverare-Skrtic, A. Berndtsson, I. Wernstedt, H. Carlsten, and C. Ohlsson Leukemia inhibitory factor reduces body fat mass in ovariectomized mice Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 154(2): 349 - 354. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Colombara, V. Antonini, A. P. Riviera, F. Mainiero, R. Strippoli, M. Merola, G. Fracasso, O. Poffe, N. Brutti, G. Tridente, et al. Constitutive Activation of p38 and ERK1/2 MAPKs in Epithelial Cells of Myasthenic Thymus Leads to IL-6 and RANTES Overexpression: Effects on Survival and Migration of Peripheral T and B Cells J. Immunol., November 15, 2005; 175(10): 7021 - 7028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. S. P. Heng, G. L. Goldberg, D. H. D. Gray, J. S. Sutherland, A. P. Chidgey, and R. L. Boyd Effects of Castration on Thymocyte Development in Two Different Models of Thymic Involution J. Immunol., September 1, 2005; 175(5): 2982 - 2993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Sutherland, G. L. Goldberg, M. V. Hammett, A. P. Uldrich, S. P. Berzins, T. S. Heng, B. R. Blazar, J. L. Millar, M. A. Malin, A. P. Chidgey, et al. Activation of Thymic Regeneration in Mice and Humans following Androgen Blockade J. Immunol., August 15, 2005; 175(4): 2741 - 2753. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gessi, G. Monego, L. Lauriola, N. Maggiano, and F. O. Ranelletti Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide (hPTHrP) and Parathyroid Hormone-related Peptide Receptor Type 1 (PTHR1) Expression in Human Thymus J. Histochem. Cytochem., August 1, 2005; 53(8): 955 - 962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Fry and C. L. Mackall The Many Faces of IL-7: From Lymphopoiesis to Peripheral T Cell Maintenance J. Immunol., June 1, 2005; 174(11): 6571 - 6576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. G. Smith, L. Betancourt, and Y. Sun Molecular Endocrinology and Physiology of the Aging Central Nervous System Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2005; 26(2): 203 - 250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Phillips, T. I. Brondstetter, C. A. English, H. E. Lee, E. L. Virts, and M. L. Thoman IL-7 Gene Therapy in Aging Restores Early Thymopoiesis without Reversing Involution J. Immunol., October 15, 2004; 173(8): 4867 - 4874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Pazirandeh, M. Jondal, and S. Okret Glucocorticoids Delay Age-Associated Thymic Involution through Directly Affecting the Thymocytes Endocrinology, May 1, 2004; 145(5): 2392 - 2401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Sempowski, S. J. Cross, C. S. Heinly, R. M. Scearce, and B. F. Haynes CD7 and CD28 Are Required for Murine CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis and Prevention of Thyroiditis J. Immunol., January 15, 2004; 172(2): 787 - 794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. P. Hale and M. L. Markert Corticosteroids Regulate Epithelial Cell Differentiation and Hassall Body Formation in the Human Thymus J. Immunol., January 1, 2004; 172(1): 617 - 624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Ponchel, A. W. Morgan, S. J. Bingham, M. Quinn, M. Buch, R. J. Verburg, J. Henwood, S. H. Douglas, A. Masurel, P. Conaghan, et al. Dysregulated lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Blood, December 15, 2002; 100(13): 4550 - 4556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. L. Sodora, J. M. Milush, F. Ware, A. Wozniakowski, L. Montgomery, H. M. McClure, A. A. Lackner, M. Marthas, V. Hirsch, R. P. Johnson, et al. Decreased Levels of Recent Thymic Emigrants in Peripheral Blood of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Correlate with Alterations within the Thymus J. Virol., August 28, 2002; 76(19): 9981 - 9990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Terra, N. Labrecque, and C. Perreault Thymic and Extrathymic T Cell Development Pathways Follow Different Rules J. Immunol., July 15, 2002; 169(2): 684 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Ortman, K. A. Dittmar, P. L. Witte, and P. T. Le Molecular characterization of the mouse involuted thymus: aberrations in expression of transcription regulators in thymocyte and epithelial compartments Int. Immunol., July 1, 2002; 14(7): 813 - 822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Fry and C. L. Mackall Interleukin-7: from bench to clinic Blood, May 13, 2002; 99(11): 3892 - 3904. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Okamoto, D. C. Douek, R. D. McFarland, and R. A. Koup Effects of exogenous interleukin-7 on human thymus function Blood, April 15, 2002; 99(8): 2851 - 2858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Butler, E. P. Johnson, and F. D. Bushman Human Immunodeficiency Virus cDNA Metabolism: Notable Stability of Two-Long Terminal Repeat Circles J. Virol., March 19, 2002; 76(8): 3739 - 3747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Fry, E. Connick, J. Falloon, M. M. Lederman, D. J. Liewehr, J. Spritzler, S. M. Steinberg, L. V. Wood, R. Yarchoan, J. Zuckerman, et al. A potential role for interleukin-7 in T-cell homeostasis Blood, May 15, 2001; 97(10): 2983 - 2990. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-i. Yasunaga, T. Sakai, K. Nosaka, K.-i. Etoh, S. Tamiya, S. Koga, S. Mita, M. Uchino, H. Mitsuya, and M. Matsuoka Impaired production of naive T lymphocytes in human T-cell leukemia virus type I-infected individuals: its implications in the immunodeficient state Blood, May 15, 2001; 97(10): 3177 - 3183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. C. Koo, C. Huang, R. Camacho, C. Trainor, J. T. Blake, A. Sirotina-Meisher, K. D. Schleim, T.-J. Wu, K. Cheng, R. Nargund, et al. Immune Enhancing Effect of a Growth Hormone Secretagogue J. Immunol., March 15, 2001; 166(6): 4195 - 4201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. D. Sempowski, J. R. Thomasch, M. E. Gooding, L. P. Hale, L. J. Edwards, E. Ciafaloni, D. B. Sanders, J. M. Massey, D. C. Douek, R. A. Koup, et al. Effect of Thymectomy on Human Peripheral Blood T Cell Pools in Myasthenia Gravis J. Immunol., February 15, 2001; 166(4): 2808 - 2817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. J. Cohen Editorial: In Search of the Underlying Mechanisms of Frailty J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2000; 55(12): 706M - 708. [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
