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Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
The patterns of Ag-induced cytokine coexpression in normal, in
vivo-primed CD4 memory T cells has remained controversial because the
low frequency at which these cells occur has effectively prevented
direct ex vivo measurements. We have overcome this limitation by using
two-color cytokine enzyme-linked immunospot assays and
computer-assisted image analysis. We found CD4 memory cells that
simultaneously expressed IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-
to be rare
(0–10%). This cytokine segregation was seen in adjuvant-induced type
1, type 2, and mixed immunity to OVA, in Leishmania
infection regardless of the Ag dose used or how long after immunization
the assay was performed. The data suggest that type 1 and type 2
immunity in vivo is not mediated by classic Th1 or Th2 cells but by
single-cytokine-producing memory cells.
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