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Activates the C3G/Rap1 Signaling Pathway1



*
Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago and West Side Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60607;
Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201
IFN-
transduces signals by activating the IFN-
receptor-associated Jak-1 and Jak-2 kinases and by inducing tyrosine
phosphorylation and activation of the Stat-1 transcriptional activator.
We report that IFN-
activates a distinct signaling cascade involving
the c-cbl protooncogene product, CrkL adapter, and small
G protein Rap1. During treatment of NB-4 human cells with IFN-
,
c-cbl protooncogene product is rapidly phosphorylated on
tyrosine and provides a docking site for the src homology 2 domain of
CrkL, which also undergoes IFN-
-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation.
CrkL then regulates activation of the guanine exchange factor C3G, with
which it interacts constitutively via its N terminus src homology 3
domain. This results in the IFN-
-dependent activation of Rap1, a
protein known to exhibit tumor suppressor activity and mediate growth
inhibitory responses. In a similar manner, Rap1 is also activated in
response to treatment of cells with type I IFNs (IFN-
, IFN-ß),
which also engage CrkL in their signaling pathways. On the other hand,
IFN-
does not induce formation of nuclear CrkL-Stat5 DNA-binding
complexes, which are induced by IFN-
and IFN-ß, indicating that
pathways downstream of CrkL are differentially regulated by different
IFN subtypes. Taken altogether, our data demonstrate that, in addition
to activating the Stat pathway, IFN-
activates a distinct signaling
cascade that may play an important role in the generation of its growth
inhibitory effects on target cells.
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