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The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 1800-1806.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Association of Immunologists

IFN-{gamma} Activates the C3G/Rap1 Signaling Pathway1

Yazan Alsayed*, Shahab Uddin*, Sarfraz Ahmad*, Beata Majchrzak{dagger}, Brian J. Druker{ddagger}, Eleanor N. Fish{dagger} and Leonidas C. Platanias2,*

* Section of Hematology-Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago and West Side Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60607; {dagger} Department of Medical Genetics and Microbiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and {ddagger} Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97201

IFN-{gamma} transduces signals by activating the IFN-{gamma} receptor-associated Jak-1 and Jak-2 kinases and by inducing tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Stat-1 transcriptional activator. We report that IFN-{gamma} activates a distinct signaling cascade involving the c-cbl protooncogene product, CrkL adapter, and small G protein Rap1. During treatment of NB-4 human cells with IFN-{gamma}, c-cbl protooncogene product is rapidly phosphorylated on tyrosine and provides a docking site for the src homology 2 domain of CrkL, which also undergoes IFN-{gamma}-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation. CrkL then regulates activation of the guanine exchange factor C3G, with which it interacts constitutively via its N terminus src homology 3 domain. This results in the IFN-{gamma}-dependent activation of Rap1, a protein known to exhibit tumor suppressor activity and mediate growth inhibitory responses. In a similar manner, Rap1 is also activated in response to treatment of cells with type I IFNs (IFN-{alpha}, IFN-ß), which also engage CrkL in their signaling pathways. On the other hand, IFN-{gamma} does not induce formation of nuclear CrkL-Stat5 DNA-binding complexes, which are induced by IFN-{alpha} and IFN-ß, indicating that pathways downstream of CrkL are differentially regulated by different IFN subtypes. Taken altogether, our data demonstrate that, in addition to activating the Stat pathway, IFN-{gamma} activates a distinct signaling cascade that may play an important role in the generation of its growth inhibitory effects on target cells.




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