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The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 825-832.
Copyright © 2000 by The American Association of Immunologists

Glucocorticoids Inhibit Calcium- and Calcineurin-Dependent Activation of the Human IL-4 Promoter1

Rongbing Chen*, Thomas F. Burke*, John E. Cumberland*, Mary Brummet{dagger}, Lisa A. Beck{dagger}, Vincenzo Casolaro{dagger} and Steve N. Georas2,*,{dagger}

* Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and {dagger} Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224

The mechanism by which glucocorticoids (GC) inhibit IL-4 gene expression is currently unknown. In T lymphocytes, IL-4 gene expression is regulated at the level of transcription by increases in intracellular calcium concentration and by the calcium-activated phosphatase calcineurin. In this paper we report that dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits calcium ionophore-induced activation of the human IL-4 promoter in transiently transfected Jurkat T cells. Inhibition of the promoter by Dex is dependent on expression of the GC receptor (GR), because it does not occur in GR-deficient cells. Dex also represses activation of the promoter induced by cotransfecting cells with a constitutively active mutant of calcineurin. Using a series of deletion constructs, we show that the proximal 95 bp of the IL-4 promoter contain a Dex-sensitive regulatory element. This region contains the P1 sequence, a proximal binding site for NF-AT. A calcium-induced but Dex-inhibited nuclear complex containing NF-AT binds to the P1 element in EMSA. Using immunoprecipitation under nondenaturing conditions, we found that the GR{alpha} isoform coprecipitates with NF-ATc in nuclear extracts of calcium ionophore- and Dex-treated cells. Taken together, our results show that GC inhibit IL-4 gene expression by interfering with NF-AT-dependent transactivation of the proximal human IL-4 promoter.




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