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Fujisaki Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories, Inc., Okayama, Japan
The development of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which
is induced by the transfer of DBA/2 spleen cells into (C57BL/6 x
DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice, is closely related to
diminished donor anti-host CTL activity and host B cell
hyperactivation. Therefore, an approach which activates donor
CD8+ T cells or suppresses donor CD4+ T
cell-host B cell interaction may have clinical utility in the treatment
of chronic GVHD. We have previously demonstrated that IL-18 induces the
development of naive CD8+ T cells into type I effector
cells in DBA/2 anti-BDF1 MLC. In this paper we examined
the effect of IL-18 administration on the development of chronic GVHD
in mice. The treatment was started before or after the onset of
clinical evidence of the disease. Regardless of the treatment schedule,
IL-18 significantly decreased immunological parameters indicative of
chronic GVHD, such as elevated serum IgG antinuclear Abs, IgG1, and IgE
levels, and host B cell numbers and their activation. Importantly,
IL-18-treated mice did not show the same acute GVHD-like symptoms
reported for IL-12 treatment, because there was no weight loss, death,
or severe immunodeficiency as indicated by a decrease in IL-2 and
IFN-
production by Con A-stimulated spleen cells. In contrast, IL-18
treatment partially but significantly restored the production of these
cytokines. Data further suggested that these IL-18-mediated therapeutic
effects may be due to the induction of donor CD8+ CTL, the
decrease in donor CD4+ T cell numbers, and a
down-regulation of host B cell MHC class II expression. Thus, our
results suggest that IL-18 has beneficial effects in the prevention and
treatment of chronic GVHD.
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