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Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University, Odense, Denmark; and
Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
Lung surfactant protein-D (SP-D), a collectin mainly produced by alveolar type II cells, initiates the effector mechanisms of innate immunity on binding to microbial carbohydrates. A panel of mRNAs from human tissues was screened for SP-D mRNA by RT-PCR. The lung was the main site of synthesis, but transcripts were readily amplified from trachea, brain, testis, salivary gland, heart, prostate gland, kidney, and pancreas. Minor sites of synthesis were uterus, small intestine, placenta, mammary gland, and stomach. The sequence of SP-D derived from parotid gland mRNA was identical with that of pulmonary SP-D. mAbs were raised against SP-D, and one was used to locate SP-D in cells and tissues by immunohistochemistry. SP-D immunoreactivity was found in alveolar type II cells, Clara cells, on and within alveolar macrophages, in epithelial cells of large and small ducts of the parotid gland, sweat glands, and lachrymal glands, in epithelial cells of the gall bladder and intrahepatic bile ducts, and in exocrine pancreatic ducts. SP-D was also present in epithelial cells of the skin, esophagus, small intestine, and urinary tract, as well as in the collecting ducts of the kidney. SP-D is generally present on mucosal surfaces and not restricted to a subset of cells in the lung. The localization and functions of SP-D indicate that this collectin is the counterpart in the innate immune system of IgA in the adaptive immune system.
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H. Sahly, I. Ofek, R. Podschun, H. Brade, Y. He, U. Ullmann, and E. Crouch Surfactant Protein D Binds Selectively to Klebsiella pneumoniae Lipopolysaccharides Containing Mannose-Rich O-Antigens J. Immunol., September 15, 2002; 169(6): 3267 - 3274. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Akiyama, A. Hoffman, C. Brown, L. Allen, J. Edmondson, F. Poulain, and S. Hawgood Tissue Distribution of Surfactant Proteins A and D in the Mouse J. Histochem. Cytochem., July 1, 2002; 50(7): 993 - 996. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. H. Fisher, J. Larson, C. Cool, and S. W. Dow Lymphocyte Activation in the Lungs of SP-D Null Mice Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., July 1, 2002; 27(1): 24 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Homer, T. Zheng, G. Chupp, S. He, Z. Zhu, Q. Chen, B. Ma, R. D. Hite, L. I. Gobran, S. A. Rooney, et al. Pulmonary type II cell hypertrophy and pulmonary lipoproteinosis are features of chronic IL-13 exposure Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): L52 - L59. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. A. Augusto, J. Li, M. Synguelakis, J. Johansson, and R. Chaby Structural Basis for Interactions between Lung Surfactant Protein C and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide J. Biol. Chem., June 21, 2002; 277(26): 23484 - 23492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. He and E. Crouch Surfactant Protein D Gene Regulation. INTERACTIONS AMONG THE CONSERVED CCAAT/ENHANCER-BINDING PROTEIN ELEMENTS J. Biol. Chem., May 24, 2002; 277(22): 19530 - 19537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. T. Stahlman, M. E. Gray, W. M. Hull, and J. A. Whitsett Immunolocalization of Surfactant Protein-D (SP-D) in Human Fetal, Newborn, and Adult Tissues J. Histochem. Cytochem., May 1, 2002; 50(5): 651 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. J Boyton and P. J Openshaw Pulmonary defences to acute respiratory infection Br. Med. Bull., March 1, 2002; 61(1): 1 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Murray, W. Khamri, M. M. Walker, P. Eggleton, A. P. Moran, J. A. Ferris, S. Knapp, Q. N. Karim, M. Worku, P. Strong, et al. Expression of Surfactant Protein D in the Human Gastric Mucosa and during Helicobacter pylori Infection Infect. Immun., March 1, 2002; 70(3): 1481 - 1487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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V. L. Shepherd Pulmonary surfactant protein D: a novel link between innate and adaptive immunity Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, March 1, 2002; 282(3): L516 - L517. [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. G. Brinker, E. Martin, P. Borron, E. Mostaghel, C. Doyle, C. V. Harding, and J. R. Wright Surfactant protein D enhances bacterial antigen presentation by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): L1453 - L1463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Paananen, R. Sormunen, V. Glumoff, M. van Eijk, and M. Hallman Surfactant proteins A and D in Eustachian tube epithelium Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, September 1, 2001; 281(3): L660 - L667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. He, E. C. Crouch, K. Rust, E. Spaite, and S. L. Brody Proximal Promoter of the Surfactant Protein D Gene. REGULATORY ROLES OF AP-1, FORKHEAD BOX, AND GT BOX BINDING PROTEINS J. Biol. Chem., September 29, 2000; 275(40): 31051 - 31060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Pan, L. D. Nielsen, M. J. Allen, K. M. Shannon, J. M. Shannon, M. Selman, and Robert. J. Mason Serum SP-D is a marker of lung injury in rats Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): L824 - L832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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