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Departments of
*
Pediatrics and
Pathology, Brown University, and Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02905
Control of antifetal immune responses is thought to be regulated
locally by the placenta. Because the physiologic programming of the
placenta across gestation is likely to influence the local immunity, we
hypothesize that a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10
may be produced in a gestational age-dependent manner. In the present
study, we examined the expression of IL-10 and its receptor in
placental explants or freshly isolated cytotrophoblasts from different
gestational ages and compared it with the expression profiles of other
cytokines. First and second trimester placental tissues from normal
pregnancies predominantly expressed IL-10, whereas the levels of IL-2,
IL-4, and IFN-
were mostly below detection throughout pregnancy. The
expression of IL-10, but not its receptor, diminished significantly in
term placental tissues collected "before" the onset of labor and
did not change appreciably "after" labor. On the other hand,
TNF-
and IL-1ß were significantly up-regulated in response to
labor-associated conditions. IL-10 expression was transcriptionally
attenuated at term as observed in cytotrophoblasts. In contrast to the
placental cytokine milieu, autologous PBMCs, when activated with PHA,
secreted significant amounts of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-
, albeit
with a statistically significantly enhanced IL-10 production in first
trimester compared with age-matched nonpregnant women. These data
suggest that IL-10 is expressed in the placenta in a gestational
age-dependent manner and that its down-regulation at term may be an
important mechanism underlying the subtle changes associated with
parturition.
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