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Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Mast cells are recognized as a new type of immunoregulatory cells
capable of producing different cytokines. So far, little is known about
the cytokine profile of mature human mast cells isolated from
intestinal tissue and cultured in the presence of stem cell factor
(SCF). We observed that these cells express the proinflammatory
cytokines TNF-
, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, and IL-18 without
further stimulation. Both IgE-dependent and IgE-independent agonists
(e.g., Gram-negative bacteria) enhanced expression of TNF-. Another
set of cytokines consisting of IL-3, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13 was
expressed following activation by IgE receptor cross-linking. If mast
cells were cultured in the presence of IL-4 and SCF, the production and
release of IL-3, IL-5, and IL-13 was increased up to 4-fold compared
with mast cells cultured with SCF alone. By contrast, IL-6 expression
was completely blocked in response to culture with IL-4. In summary,
our data show that mature human mast cells produce proinflammatory
cytokines that may be up-regulated following triggering with
IgE-independent agonists such as bacteria, whereas activation by IgE
receptor cross-linking results in the expression of Th2-type cytokines.
IL-4 enhances the expression of Th2-type cytokines but does not affect
or even down-regulates proinflammatory cytokines.
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