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Division of Immunology and Transplantation Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and
Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
Asthma is a respiratory disorder characterized by airway
hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation and is associated with high
serum IgE and overproduction of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 by
allergen-specific Th2 cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that
heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL) as an adjuvant
in immunotherapy successfully reversed ongoing Ag-specific
Th2-dominated responses toward Th1-dominated responses, but it was
unclear if such immune modulation could reverse ongoing, established
disease in target organs such as the lung. In this paper we show that a
single dose of Ag plus HKL as adjuvant significantly reduced AHR in a
murine model for asthma and reversed established AHR when given late
after allergen sensitization. HKL as adjuvant also dramatically
inhibited airway inflammation, eosinophilia, and mucus production,
significantly reduced Ag-specific IgE and IL-4 production, and
dramatically increased Ag-specific IFN-
synthesis. The inhibitory
effect of HKL on AHR depended on the presence of IL-12 and
CD8+ T cells and was associated with an increase of IL-18
mRNA expression. Thus, our results demonstrate that HKL as an adjuvant
for immunotherapy mediates immune deviation from a pathological
Th2-dominated response toward a protective immune response in
peripheral lymphoid tissues and in the lungs and may be clinically
effective in the treatment of patients with established asthma and
allergic disease.
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