HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ismail, N. Articles by Bretscher, P. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ismail, N. Articles by Bretscher, P. A. Pubmed/NCBI databases Substance via MeSH

The Th1/Th2 Nature of Concurrent Immune Responses to Unrelated Antigens Can Be Independent¹

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

We tested the independence hypothesis, namely that the Th1/Th2 nature of concurrent immune responses, generated in the same secondary lymphoid organ to non-cross-reacting Ags, can be independently determined. Some infectious agents and some adjuvants contain modulatory molecules that affect the Th1/Th2 nature of immune responses in a non-Ag-specific manner. We therefore excluded infectious agents as Ags and the use of adjuvants to generate immune responses. We first show that the dose of xenogeneic RBC administered i.v. determines the Th1/Th2 nature of the splenic immune response. Low doses generate a virtually exclusive Th1 response, whereas a higher dose induces either a mixed Th1/Th2 or a predominantly Th2 response, and stimulates the production of specific Abs. We immunized individual mice simultaneously with a low dose of one kind of xenogeneic RBC and with a higher dose of another non-cross-reacting xenogeneic RBC and assessed the Th1/Th2 nature of the immune responses generated in the spleen to each kind of RBC. The Th1/Th2 nature of the response to each RBC in doubly immunized mice was indistinguishable from that of the corresponding immune response in singly immunized mice. We discuss the significance of our findings for understanding immune class regulation, and the possible reasons why such independence is not always seen.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. Broos, M. E. Janssens, I. De Goeyse, P. Vanlandschoot, G. Leroux-Roels, D. Geysen, and Y. Guisez Comparison of Serum Humoral Responses Induced by Oral Immunization with the Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen and the Cholera Toxin B Subunit Clin. Vaccine Immunol., May 1, 2008; 15(5): 852 - 858. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. L. Graham Ecological rules governing helminth microparasite coinfection PNAS, January 15, 2008; 105(2): 566 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. Creusot, L. L. Thomsen, J. P. Tite, and B. M. Chain Local Cooperation Dominates Over Competition Between CD4+ T Cells of Different Antigen/MHC Specificity J. Immunol., July 1, 2003; 171(1): 240 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Liu, B. E. Anderson, M. E. Robert, J. M. McNiff, S. G. Emerson, W. D. Shlomchik, and M. J. Shlomchik Selective T-cell subset ablation demonstrates a role for T1 and T2 cells in ongoing acute graft-versus-host disease: a model system for the reversal of disease Blood, December 1, 2001; 98(12): 3367 - 3375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Todt, J. Sonstein, T. Polak, G. D. Seitzman, B. Hu, and J. L. Curtis Repeated Intratracheal Challenge with Particulate Antigen Modulates Murine Lung Cytokines ,2 J. Immunol., April 15, 2000; 164(8): 4037 - 4047. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]