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*
Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and the Ontario Cancer Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
Immunex, Seattle, WA 98101-2936
4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) is a member of the TNF family expressed on activated APC. 4-1BBL binds to 4-1BB (CD137) on activated CD4 and CD8 T cells and in conjunction with strong signals through the TCR provides a CD28-independent costimulatory signal leading to high level IL-2 production by primary resting T cells. Here we report the immunological characterization of mice lacking 4-1BBL and of mice lacking both 4-1BBL and CD28. 4-1BBL-/- mice mount neutralizing IgM and IgG responses to vesicular stomatitis virus that are indistinguishable from those of wild-type mice. 4-1BBL-/- mice show unimpaired CTL responses to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and exhibit normal skin allograft rejection but have a weaker CTL response to influenza virus than wild-type mice. 4-1BBL-/-CD28-/- mice retain the CTL response to LCMV, respond poorly to influenza virus, and exhibit a delay in skin allograft rejection. In agreement with these in vivo results, allogeneic CTL responses of CD28-/- but not CD28+/+ T cells to 4-1BBL-expressing APC are substantially inhibited by soluble 4-1BB receptor as is the in vitro secondary response of CD28+ T cells to influenza virus peptides. TCR-transgenic CD28-/- LCMV glycoprotein-specific T cells are insensitive to the presence of 4-1BBL when a wild-type peptide is used, but the response to a weak agonist peptide is greatly augmented by the presence of 4-1BBL. These results further substantiate the idea that different immune responses vary in their dependence on costimulation and suggest a role for 4-1BBL in augmenting suboptimal CTL responses in vivo.
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R. A. Wilcox, K. Tamada, S. E. Strome, and L. Chen Signaling Through NK Cell-Associated CD137 Promotes Both Helper Function for CD8+ Cytolytic T Cells and Responsiveness to IL-2 But Not Cytolytic Activity J. Immunol., October 15, 2002; 169(8): 4230 - 4236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Laderach, M. Movassagh, A. Johnson, R. S. Mittler, and A. Galy 4-1BB co-stimulation enhances human CD8+ T cell priming by augmenting the proliferation and survival of effector CD8+ T cells Int. Immunol., October 1, 2002; 14(10): 1155 - 1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. L. Cannons, E. M. Bertram, and T. H. Watts Cutting Edge: Profound Defect in T Cell Responses in TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 Dominant Negative Mice J. Immunol., September 15, 2002; 169(6): 2828 - 2831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. W. Chan, C. D. Hopke, S. M. Krams, and O. M. Martinez CD30 Expression Identifies the Predominant Proliferating T Lymphocyte Population in Human Alloimmune Responses J. Immunol., August 15, 2002; 169(4): 1784 - 1791. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. E. Miller, J. Jones, T. Le, J. Whitmore, N. Boiani, B. Gliniak, and D. H. Lynch 4-1BB-Specific Monoclonal Antibody Promotes the Generation of Tumor-Specific Immune Responses by Direct Activation of CD8 T Cells in a CD40-Dependent Manner J. Immunol., August 15, 2002; 169(4): 1792 - 1800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 R. A. Wilcox, D. B. Flies, H. Wang, K. Tamada, A. J. Johnson, L. R. Pease, M. Rodriguez, Y. Guo, and L. Chen Impaired Infiltration of Tumor-specific Cytolytic T Cells in the Absence of Interferon-{gamma} despite Their Normal Maturation in Lymphoid Organs during CD137 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Cancer Res., August 1, 2002; 62(15): 4413 - 4418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. F. May Jr., L. Chen, P. Zheng, and Y. Liu Anti-4-1BB Monoclonal Antibody Enhances Rejection of Large Tumor Burden by Promoting Survival but not Clonal Expansion of Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cells Cancer Res., June 1, 2002; 62(12): 3459 - 3465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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B. S. Kwon, J. C. Hurtado, Z. H. Lee, K. B. Kwack, S. K. Seo, B. K. Choi, B. H. Koller, G. Wolisi, H. E. Broxmeyer, and D. S. Vinay Immune Responses in 4-1BB (CD137)-Deficient Mice J. Immunol., June 1, 2002; 168(11): 5483 - 5490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Wen, J. Bukczynski, and T. H. Watts 4-1BB Ligand-Mediated Costimulation of Human T Cells Induces CD4 and CD8 T Cell Expansion, Cytokine Production, and the Development of Cytolytic Effector Function J. Immunol., May 15, 2002; 168(10): 4897 - 4906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. A. Wilcox, A. I. Chapoval, K. S. Gorski, M. Otsuji, T. Shin, D. B. Flies, K. Tamada, R. S. Mittler, H. Tsuchiya, D. M. Pardoll, et al. Expression of Functional CD137 Receptor by Dendritic Cells J. Immunol., May 1, 2002; 168(9): 4262 - 4267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. M. Bertram, P. Lau, and T. H. Watts Temporal Segregation of 4-1BB Versus CD28-Mediated Costimulation: 4-1BB Ligand Influences T Cell Numbers Late in the Primary Response and Regulates the Size of the T Cell Memory Response Following Influenza Infection J. Immunol., April 15, 2002; 168(8): 3777 - 3785. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I.-J. Kim, E. Flano, D. L. Woodland, and M. A. Blackman Antibody-Mediated Control of Persistent {gamma}-Herpesvirus Infection J. Immunol., April 15, 2002; 168(8): 3958 - 3964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. Futagawa, H. Akiba, T. Kodama, K. Takeda, Y. Hosoda, H. Yagita, and K. Okumura Expression and function of 4-1BB and 4-1BB ligand on murine dendritic cells Int. Immunol., March 1, 2002; 14(3): 275 - 286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 B. J. Lee, S. K. Reiter, M. Anderson, and S. R. Sarawar CD28-/- Mice Show Defects in Cellular and Humoral Immunity but Are Able To Control Infection with Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 J. Virol., February 22, 2002; 76(6): 3049 - 3053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Sun, X. Lin, H. M. Chen, Q. Wu, S. K. Subudhi, L. Chen, and Y.-X. Fu Administration of Agonistic Anti-4-1BB Monoclonal Antibody Leads to the Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis J. Immunol., February 1, 2002; 168(3): 1457 - 1465. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Prlic, B. R. Blazar, A. Khoruts, T. Zell, and S. C. Jameson Homeostatic Expansion Occurs Independently of Costimulatory Signals J. Immunol., November 15, 2001; 167(10): 5664 - 5668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Nozawa, J. Ohata, J. Sakurai, H. Hashimoto, H. Miyajima, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, and M. Azuma Preferential Blockade of CD8+ T Cell Responses by Administration of Anti-CD137 Ligand Monoclonal Antibody Results in Differential Effect on Development of Murine Acute and Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Diseases J. Immunol., November 1, 2001; 167(9): 4981 - 4986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Zhu, D. B. Flies, K. Tamada, Y. Sun, M. Rodriguez, Y.-X. Fu, and L. Chen Progressive Depletion of Peripheral B Lymphocytes in 4-1BB (CD137) Ligand/I-E{alpha}-Transgenic Mice J. Immunol., September 1, 2001; 167(5): 2671 - 2676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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